Bioactivity and In Silico Studies of Isoquinoline and Related Alkaloids as Promising Antiviral Agents: An Insight
Divya Sharma,
Neetika Sharma,
Namish Manchanda,
Satyendra K. Prasad,
Prabodh Chander Sharma,
Vijay Kumar Thakur,
M. Mukhlesur Rahman,
Mahaveer Dhobi
Affiliations
Divya Sharma
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, Sector-III, Pushp Vihar, New Delhi 110017, India
Neetika Sharma
Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, Sector-III, Pushp Vihar, New Delhi 110017, India
Namish Manchanda
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, Sector-III, Pushp Vihar, New Delhi 110017, India
Satyendra K. Prasad
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University, Nagpur 440033, India
Prabodh Chander Sharma
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, Sector-III, Pushp Vihar, New Delhi 110017, India
Vijay Kumar Thakur
Biorefining and Advanced Materials Research Centre, Scotland’s Rural College (SRUC), Kings Buildings, 11 West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, UK
M. Mukhlesur Rahman
Pharmaceutical and Natural Products Chemistry, School of Health, Sports and Bioscience, University of East London, Stratford Campus, London E15 4LZ, UK
Mahaveer Dhobi
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, Sector-III, Pushp Vihar, New Delhi 110017, India
Viruses are widely recognized as the primary cause of infectious diseases around the world. The ongoing global pandemic due to the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 further added fuel to the fire. The development of therapeutics becomes very difficult as viruses can mutate their genome to become more complex and resistant. Medicinal plants and phytocompounds could be alternative options. Isoquinoline and their related alkaloids are naturally occurring compounds that interfere with multiple pathways including nuclear factor-κB, mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular-signal-regulated kinase, and inhibition of Ca2+-mediated fusion. These pathways play a crucial role in viral replication. Thus, the major goal of this study is to comprehend the function of various isoquinoline and related alkaloids in viral infections by examining their potential mechanisms of action, structure-activity relationships (SAR), in silico (particularly for SARS-CoV-2), in vitro and in vivo studies. The current advancements in isoquinoline and related alkaloids as discussed in the present review could facilitate an in-depth understanding of their role in the drug discovery process.
