Progress in Nanomaterials-Based Optical and Electrochemical Methods for the Assays of Exosomes

Abstract

Xiaohua Ma,1 Yuanqiang Hao,1 Lin Liu1,2 1Henan Key Laboratory of Biomolecular Recognition and Sensing, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu, Henan, 476000, People’s Republic of China; 2College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anyang Normal University, Anyang, Henan, 455000, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Yuanqiang Hao; Lin Liu Email [email protected]; [email protected]: Exosomes with diameters of 30– 150 nm are small membrane-bound vesicles secreted by a variety of cells. They play an important role in many biological processes, such as tumor-related immune response and intercellular signal transduction. Exosomes have been considered as emerging and noninvasive biomarkers for cancer diagnosis. Recently, a large number of optical and electrochemical biosensors have been proposed for sensitive detection of exosomes. To meet the increasing demands for ultrasensitive detection, nanomaterials have been integrated with various techniques as powerful components. Because of their intrinsic merits of biological compatibility, excellent physicochemical features and unique catalytic ability, nanomaterials have significantly improved the analytical performances of exosome biosensors. In this review, we summarized the recent progress in nanomaterials-based biosensors for the detection of cancer-derived exosomes, including fluorescence, colorimetry, surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy, surface enhanced Raman scattering spectroscopy, electrochemistry, electrochemiluminescence and so on.Keywords: exosomes, nanomaterials, circulating tumor biomarkers, electrochemical biosensor, optical biosensor

Keywords

• exosomes
• nanomaterials
• circulating tumor biomarkers
• electrochemical biosensor
• optical biosensor