Comparison Evaluation of the Biological Effects of Sterigmatocystin and Aflatoxin B1 Utilizing SOS-Chromotest and a Novel Zebrafish (<i>Danio rerio</i>) Embryo Microinjection Method
Zsolt Csenki,
Anita Risa,
Dorottya Sárkány,
Edina Garai,
Ildikó Bata-Vidács,
Erzsébet Baka,
András Szekeres,
Mónika Varga,
András Ács,
Jeffrey Griffitts,
Katalin Bakos,
Illés Bock,
István Szabó,
Balázs Kriszt,
Béla Urbányi,
József Kukolya
Affiliations
Zsolt Csenki
Department of Environmental Toxicology, Institute of Aquaculture and Environmental Safety, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 2100 Gödöllő, Hungary
Anita Risa
Department of Environmental Toxicology, Institute of Aquaculture and Environmental Safety, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 2100 Gödöllő, Hungary
Dorottya Sárkány
Research Group for Food Biotechnology, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences,1022 Budapest, Hungary
Edina Garai
Department of Environmental Toxicology, Institute of Aquaculture and Environmental Safety, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 2100 Gödöllő, Hungary
Ildikó Bata-Vidács
Research Group for Food Biotechnology, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences,1022 Budapest, Hungary
Erzsébet Baka
Department of Ecotoxicology, Agro-Environmental Research Centre, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Science, 1022 Budapest, Hungary
András Szekeres
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, 6726 Szeged, Hungary
Mónika Varga
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, 6726 Szeged, Hungary
András Ács
Department of Freshwater Fish Ecology, Institute of Aquaculture and Environmental Safety, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 2100 Gödöllő, Hungary
Jeffrey Griffitts
Department of Environmental Toxicology, Institute of Aquaculture and Environmental Safety, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 2100 Gödöllő, Hungary
Katalin Bakos
Department of Environmental Toxicology, Institute of Aquaculture and Environmental Safety, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 2100 Gödöllő, Hungary
Illés Bock
Department of Environmental Toxicology, Institute of Aquaculture and Environmental Safety, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 2100 Gödöllő, Hungary
István Szabó
Department of Environmental Toxicology, Institute of Aquaculture and Environmental Safety, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 2100 Gödöllő, Hungary
Balázs Kriszt
Department of Environmental Safety, Institute of Aquaculture and Environmental Safety, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 2100 Gödöllő, Hungary
Béla Urbányi
Department of Aquaculture, Institute of Aquaculture and Environmental Safety, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 2100 Gödöllő, Hungary
József Kukolya
Research Group for Food Biotechnology, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences,1022 Budapest, Hungary
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a potent mycotoxin and natural carcinogen. The primary producers of AFB1 are Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus. Sterigmatocystin (STC), another mycotoxin, shares its biosynthetic pathway with aflatoxins. While there are abundant data on the biological effects of AFB1, STC is not well characterised. According to published data, AFB1 is more harmful to biological systems than STC. It has been suggested that STC is about one-tenth as potent a mutagen as AFB1 as measured by the Ames test. In this research, the biological effects of S9 rat liver homogenate-activated and non-activated STC and AFB1 were compared using two different biomonitoring systems, SOS-Chromotest and a recently developed microinjection zebrafish embryo method. When comparing the treatments, activated STC caused the highest mortality and number of DNA strand breaks across all injected volumes. Based on the E. coli SOS-Chromotest, the two toxins exerted the same genotoxicities. Moreover, according to the newly developed zebrafish microinjection method, STC appeared more toxic than AFB1. The scarce information correlating AFB1 and STC toxicity suggests that AFB1 is a more potent genotoxin than STC. Our findings contradict this assumption and illustrate the need for more complex biomonitoring systems for mycotoxin risk assessment.
