T cell subsets' distribution in elite karate athletes as a response to physical effort

Abstract

Background: During karate fight muscles work at a very high intensity, and their contractions are extremely strong. The movement pattern contains a great number of feints, dodges, frequent changes in movements' tempo and direction, hits and kicks, all of which is highly stressful for athlete's organism, including the immune system. Methods: T lymphocyte subsets' distribution and selected cytokines in peripheral blood of three elite karate athletes aged 30 years old (range 21-31 years) with minimum 15 years of training experience were analysed in two experiments: at the beginning of the preparatory phase (a progressive test until exhaustion; an analysis of immune system's selected parameters and cardiorespiratory fitness measures, including VO2MAX, VE, at, MVV, MET, Rf), and during the start-up period (Karate Championships; an analysis of selected parameters of the immune system). Results: Maximal effort caused an increase in total lymphocyte percentage (p<0.05). A decrease in Th cells in recovery (p< 0.05 compared to post-exercise), and an increase in Th naïve cells in recovery (p<0.05) were observed. A significant increase in CD8+ central memory cells (p<0.05) was found only after the progressive test, and no changes in both central and effector memory subsets of CD4+ cells during the first experiment. An increase (p<0.05) in Treg and Th1 and a decrease (p<0.05) in Th2 cells' distribution during recovery time were found. Additionally, changes (p<0.05) in TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 and IL-12p70 were observed. Conclusions: Post-effort disorder in immune balance activated compensation pathways involving CD4+ cells. Treg and Th1 cells seem to be subsets of key importance involved in the anabolic effect of physical effort, at least among karate athletes.

Keywords

• cytokines
• flow cytometry
• immunomodulation
• physical exertion
• t lymphocytes