Triple-Band Reconfigurable Monopole Antenna for Long-Range IoT Applications
Muhammad Sani Yahya,
Socheatra Soeung,
Narinderjit Singh Sawaran Singh,
Zainab Yunusa,
Francis Emmanuel Chinda,
Sharul Kamal Abdul Rahim,
Umar Musa,
Nursyarizal B. M. Nor,
Cheab Sovuthy,
Ghulam E. Mustafa Abro
Affiliations
Muhammad Sani Yahya
Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak, Malaysia
Socheatra Soeung
Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak, Malaysia
Narinderjit Singh Sawaran Singh
Faculty of Data Science and Information Technology (FDSIT), INTI International University, Persiaran Perdana BBN, Putra Nilai, Nilai 71800, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
Zainab Yunusa
Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Hafr Al Batin, Hafr Al Batin 39524, Saudi Arabia
Francis Emmanuel Chinda
Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak, Malaysia
Sharul Kamal Abdul Rahim
Wireless Communication Centre, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai 81310, Johor, Malaysia
Umar Musa
Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University Tun Hussein Onn, Parit Raja 86400, Johor, Malaysia
Nursyarizal B. M. Nor
Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak, Malaysia
Cheab Sovuthy
FILPAL (M) Sdn. Bhd., Bayan Lepas, George Town 11900, Penang, Malaysia
Ghulam E. Mustafa Abro
Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak, Malaysia
In this study, a novel reconfigurable triple-band monopole antenna for LoRa IoT applications is fabricated on an FR-4 substrate. The proposed antenna is designed to function at three distinct LoRa frequency bands: 433 MHz, 868 MHz, and 915 MHz covering the LoRa bands in Europe, America, and Asia. The antenna is reconfigurable by using a PIN diode switching mechanism, which allows for the selection of the desired operating frequency band based on the state of the diodes. The antenna is designed using CST MWS® software 2019 and optimized for maximum gain, good radiation pattern and efficiency. The antenna with a total dimension of 80 mm × 50 mm × 0.6 mm (0.12λ0×0.07λ0 × 0.001λ0 at 433 MHz) has a gain of 2 dBi, 1.9 dBi, and 1.9 dBi at 433 MHz, 868 MHz, and 915 MHz, respectively, with an omnidirectional H-plane radiation pattern and a radiation efficiency above 90% across the three frequency bands. The fabrication and measurement of the antenna have been carried out, and the results of simulation and measurements are compared. The agreement among the simulation and measurement results confirms the design’s accuracy and the antenna’s suitability for LoRa IoT applications, particularly in providing a compact, flexible, and energy efficient communication solution for different LoRa frequency bands.
