Agriculture urbaine et valorisation des déchets au Bénin : une approche de développement durable

Abstract

Urban agriculture (UA) is often practiced for nutritional and socioeconomic backgrounds. In Cotonou, the overexploitation of ground gardening has led to the impoverishment of the latter is composed of loose sand, permeable and poor in organic matter. Vegetable farmers are forced to use fertilizers that have negative impacts on the environment, and indeed on the plants. However, soil quality is the first asset to have healthy crops more resistant to diseases and pest infestations. Moreover, the socio-economic development of the 1990s has led to the emergence of a private associative collection of household solid waste. The various actors in this system have been reorganized since 2001 by the Project Management Solid Waste Household (PGDSM) funded by the Canadian Agency for International Development (CIDA) and implemented by Oxfam Quebec. To ensure the sustainability of the system put in place, the PGDSM supported the "recovery of waste in the city of Cotonou. Since this initiative is the first nationally, some gardeners have embraced the use of compost and rose from UA in organic farming in well-organized spaces and urban interstices known and developed. The same dynamic is not observed in the town of Abomey, a town center-average historical tradition of Benin with urbanization specified. For UA / suburban, urban agriculture / suburban is practiced not only in family spaces but also along the roads and public spaces as opposed to Cotonou have some developed sites. As for the town of Abomey-Calavi, located on the outskirts of Cotonou and with the highest population growth rates (9.43 %), it is almost free of urban agriculture practices so that the land market is in full dynamics and the problem of agricultural vulnerability is acute.It is important to consider the organization of urban agriculture in Benin and the effectiveness of management strategies especially in urban farming that are involved with farm management (Regional Center for Agricultural Promotion, Regional Service of Housing and Urban Planning etc..) do not receive all the reach of a sustainable UPA in Benin. However, policies should consolidate the initiative of the waste recycling in the City of Cotonou and craft for the leveraging of knowledge to other cities.