The Relationship of Kidney Injury Molecule-1 and Interleukin-1 Beta with Hepatic and Renal Functions in Pregnant Women with Thyroid Disease

Abstract

Introduction:Pregnancy is considered a low-grade inflammatory state presented with increased levels of pro-inflammatory markers. Despite the well-recognized association between inflammation and kidney injury, there is still a lack of available data concerning the role of thyroid hormone alterations in inflammation and acute kidney injury (AKI). We examined the relationship of kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) with renal and hepatic injury in hypothyroid, normothyroid (euthyroid), or hyperthyroid pregnant women.Methods:A total of 77 pregnant women with no additional health problems were enrolled in the study. Serum KIM-1 and IL-1β levels were analyzed by ELISA.Results:There were significant differences between normothyroid, hyperthyroid, and hypothyroid pregnants regarding creatinine, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), free T4, anti-thyroglobulin (anti-TG), anti-thyroperoxidase (anti-TPO), and plateletcrit (PCT) levels (p=0.018, p=0.032, p=0.011, p=0.001, p=0.003, and p=0.016, respectively). The mean creatinine levels of the hypothyroid group were significantly higher than those of the hyperthyroid group (p=0.015). The mean AST and PCT levels of the hypothyroid group were considerably higher than those of the normothyroid group (p=0.024 and p=0.014, respectively). In the correlation analysis, age was the single parameter that was significantly correlated with KIM-1 and IL-1β in all pregnant women (p=-0.024 and p=-0.018, respectively). In the hypothyroid pregnant women group, KIM-1 was correlated with creatinine levels and age (p=0.037 and p=0.022, respectively).Conclusion:KIM-1 level in pregnant women with hypothyroidism can serve as a useful biomarker to show AKI.

Keywords

• interleukins
• kidney injury molecule-1
• pregnancy
• thyroid dysfunction