Наукові праці Лісівничої академії наук України (Nov 2023)
Resource potential and structure of black alder stands of Ukrainian Polissia
Abstract
Sustainable and rational use of forest resources in the context of the transition of the forest industry of Ukraine to European standards and market principles of management requires the systematic development of appropriate regulatory and information support for the assessment of wood resources of the country's main forest-forming species. At the same time, the information about the size and quality structure of the stock of stands to be felled is, perhaps, of the utmost importance in the planning of forestry production activities. The implementation of this task requires an up-to-date assessment of the stocks of timber stands according to the main mensurational characteristics, which was carried out within the scope of the presented work. The analysis of the structure of the main mensurational indicators of stands of black alder in the Ukrainian Polissia is given according to the data of the database of the PU "Ukrderzhlisproekt" as of 1 January2011. One of the valuable tree species that occupies a specific ecological niche in the forests of Ukraine is the sticky (black) alder (Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaerth). It is the main forest-forming tree species in humid and wet places, because its stands perform an important water protection function - water-regulating and landscape-forming function. This species is widespread almost throughout the entire territory of Ukraine, especially in the northern Polissia of Ukraine. Due to its biological and ecological properties (fast growth, intensive synthesis of organic matter, oxygen productivity), the alder is an extremely valuable tree species in the implementation of solutions to a number of environmental problems of the region. The areas of black alder stands are localized in the western and northwestern part of Ukrainian Polissia (78.0%), with the greatest distribution in Volyn region (36.1%), which is due to the soil and climatic conditions of the area. The resource potential of exploitable stands and its components within the forest fund of the administrative regions of the study zone were analyzed. At the same time, it was found that the age structure of the stands is in the range of 43-50 years, which indicates a sufficient potential for marketable wood of black alder with an average wood supply from 152 m3·ha-1 in Rivne region to 189 m3·ha-1 in Kyiv region. The studied category of stands is characterized by average relative densities (0.70) and fairly high site indices (I.8). The age structure of the region's forests is uneven with a significant predominance of mid-aged stands. More than 80.0% of the stands are of vegetative origin. The seed origin of black alder stands in the study region, both natural and artificial, does not exceed 20.0% in total. The largest numbers of black alder crops were created in Chernihiv region (15.7%), and the smallest - in Kyiv region (3.7%). Black alder stands grow in almost all types of forest growth conditions of the Ukrainian Polissia, dominating, however, in fairly fertile hornbeam site type (87.6%), of which 77.6% are in wet hygrotops. The researched category of plantations makes up a significant share of the forest resource potential of the forest fund of Ukraine and requires the development of modern normative and informational support for the assessment of quantitative and qualitative parameters of trees and stands.
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