Meteorological observations at Syowa in 1974 by the 15th Japanese Antarctic Research Expedition

Abstract

This paper states the results of the meteorological observation carried out by the 15th JARE in 1974 at Syowa Station. In accordance with the recommendation by WMO (World Meteorological Organization), surface observations were carried out every three hours from February 1 and aerological observations carried out twice a day from March 1 in 1974. The new type hydrogen generator, which resolves ammonium into hydrogen and nitrogen, was set up and the mixed gas was stored in the tank, from which balloons could be filled up anytime. Meteorological characters of the year 1974 are as follows; 1) In May the Indian Ocean High had great influence over the Antarctic Ocean, and the barograph recorded 1025.0 mb on the 27th. 2) In June, November and December the fine weather lasted for a long time. In November the percentage of possible sunshine attained to 75% and the number of clear days was 16. The results of ozone sonde (KC-68) observations showed that in the stratospheric sudden warming phenomena the temperature rise is closely related with the ozone-density increase. Observations of the total amount of ozone were carried out with the ozone spectrophotometer. The turbidity of the atmosphere was also calculated by means of the pyrheliometer and filter technique.