Diagnostic utility of ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration cytology in gall bladder lesions: an experience from a tertiary care cancer center in Eastern India

Abstract

Introduction: Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is the most common malignancy, representing 80–95% of biliary tract cancers. Although ultrasonography-guided fine-needle aspiration cytology (USG-FNAC) has emerged as an effective diagnostic the tool for the precise diagnosis of gallbladder lesions, data on its diagnostic utility and cytomorphological categorization of gallbladder lesions are lacking. Aims: To study the diagnostic utility of USG-FNAC in gallbladder lesions. Materials and Methods: This study was the conducted prospectively on patients who came with clinical and radiological evidence of gallbladder space-occupying lesion and then advised to USG-FNAC over 2 years and 6 months from January 2018 to June 2020. Results: A total of 314 cases were included. The mean age was 56 years, with a range of 17–88 years. Women predominated over men (Male:Female = 1:2.3). Primary adenocarcinoma of the gallbladder was most common. On cyto-histological correlation, the sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy of USG-FNAC of gallbladder lesions were found to be 98.82, 87.23, and 96.3%, respectively. Conclusion: The USG-FNAC of gallbladder lesion was found to be an easy, quick, cost-effective, and presumptive diagnostic procedure. It should be opted as an initial preoperative diagnostic modality in high incidence areas to avoid inappropriate management with unnecessary morbidity and cost. Moreover, a close cytological examination of the architectural pattern and the cytomorphological features would help in the sub-typing and prognosticating the tumor.

Keywords

• adenocarcinoma gallbladder
• geographical distribution
• seasonal variation
• xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis