Новые технологии (Dec 2019)
Economic evaluation of field crops cultivation methods in the crop rotation link on the fused leached black soils of the Republic of Adygea
Abstract
The studies have been carried out on low-humus ultra heavy clay fused leached chernozems of the Republic of Adygea in 2015-2018 in the link of crop rotation: winter wheat, corn for green fodder, clover. The influence of tillage methods and levels of mineral nutrition on crop yields and economic efficiency of cultivation have been studied. It has been established that annual disking led to a decrease in the yield of corn and clover in the rotation link, in comparison with plowing.Accounting for yield with the annual use of surface cultivation indicates its decrease: for corn for green fodder by 1.7 t / ha (14.8 %) compared with the annual plowing; for clover, 3.0 t / ha (10.7 %) in comparison with the annual plowing; for winter wheat, the yield level for both processing methods is the same 4.9; 4.9 t / ha.Cultivation techniques and processing methods have had a positive effect on increasing the output per unit area. Analysis of the cost-effectiveness of winter wheat cultivation in the crop rotation link has shown that the most profitable option is the background (the use of recommended doses of fertilizers on average for both methods of tillage) with a yield of 5.95 t / ha; profit from sales of 32,108 thousand rubles / ha - profitability of 150.0 %.The best option when cultivating clover in the crop rotation link by the aftereffect of green manure fertilizers for plowing at a yield of 33.7 t / ha profit from sales is 17,336 thousand rubles / ha, profitability is 106.0 %. For corn for green fodder the best option is sowing rapeseed on green manure and planting it, the yield is 15.9 t / ha, profit is 2675 thousand rubles / ha, profitability is 20.0 %.
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