The Astrophysical Journal Letters (Jan 2025)
GRB 221009A: Observations with LST-1 of CTAO and Implications for Structured Jets in Long Gamma-Ray Bursts
- K. Abe,
- S. Abe,
- A. Abhishek,
- F. Acero,
- A. Aguasca-Cabot,
- I. Agudo,
- C. Alispach,
- D. Ambrosino,
- F. Ambrosino,
- L. A. Antonelli,
- C. Aramo,
- A. Arbet-Engels,
- C. Arcaro,
- T. T. H. Arnesen,
- K. Asano,
- P. Aubert,
- A. Baktash,
- M. Balbo,
- A. Bamba,
- A. Baquero Larriva,
- U. Barres de Almeida,
- J. A. Barrio,
- L. Barrios Jiménez,
- I. Batkovic,
- J. Baxter,
- J. Becerra González,
- E. Bernardini,
- J. Bernete,
- A. Berti,
- I. Bezshyiko,
- C. Bigongiari,
- E. Bissaldi,
- O. Blanch,
- G. Bonnoli,
- P. Bordas,
- G. Borkowski,
- G. Brunelli,
- A. Bulgarelli,
- M. Bunse,
- I. Burelli,
- L. Burmistrov,
- M. Cardillo,
- S. Caroff,
- A. Carosi,
- R. Carraro,
- M. S. Carrasco,
- F. Cassol,
- D. Cerasole,
- G. Ceribella,
- A. Cerviño Cortínez,
- Y. Chai,
- K. Cheng,
- A. Chiavassa,
- M. Chikawa,
- G. Chon,
- L. Chytka,
- G. M. Cicciari,
- A. Cifuentes,
- J. L. Contreras,
- J. Cortina,
- H. Costantini,
- M. Dalchenko,
- P. Da Vela,
- F. Dazzi,
- A. De Angelis,
- M. de Bony de Lavergne,
- R. Del Burgo,
- C. Delgado,
- J. Delgado Mengual,
- M. Dellaiera,
- D. della Volpe,
- B. De Lotto,
- L. Del Peral,
- R. de Menezes,
- G. De Palma,
- C. Díaz,
- A. Di Piano,
- F. Di Pierro,
- R. Di Tria,
- L. Di Venere,
- R. M. Dominik,
- D. Dominis Prester,
- A. Donini,
- D. Dorner,
- M. Doro,
- L. Eisenberger,
- D. Elsässer,
- G. Emery,
- J. Escudero,
- V. Fallah Ramazani,
- F. Ferrarotto,
- A. Fiasson,
- L. Foffano,
- F. Frías García-Lago,
- S. Fröse,
- Y. Fukazawa,
- S. Gallozzi,
- R. Garcia López,
- S. Garcia Soto,
- C. Gasbarra,
- D. Gasparrini,
- D. Geyer,
- J. Giesbrecht Paiva,
- N. Giglietto,
- F. Giordano,
- N. Godinovic,
- T. Gradetzke,
- R. Grau,
- D. Green,
- J. Green,
- S. Gunji,
- P. Günther,
- J. Hackfeld,
- D. Hadasch,
- A. Hahn,
- M. Hashizume,
- T. Hassan,
- K. Hayashi,
- L. Heckmann,
- M. Heller,
- J. Herrera Llorente,
- K. Hirotani,
- D. Hoffmann,
- D. Horns,
- J. Houles,
- M. Hrabovsky,
- D. Hrupec,
- D. Hui,
- M. Iarlori,
- R. Imazawa,
- T. Inada,
- Y. Inome,
- S. Inoue,
- K. Ioka,
- M. Iori,
- T. Itokawa,
- A. Iuliano,
- J. Jahanvi,
- I. Jimenez Martinez,
- J. Jimenez Quiles,
- I. Jorge Rodrigo,
- J. Jurysek,
- M. Kagaya,
- O. Kalashev,
- V. Karas,
- H. Katagiri,
- D. Kerszberg,
- T. Kiyomot,
- Y. Kobayashi,
- K. Kohri,
- A. Kong,
- P. Kornecki,
- H. Kubo,
- J. Kushida,
- B. Lacave,
- M. Lainez,
- G. Lamanna,
- A. Lamastra,
- L. Lemoigne,
- M. Linhoff,
- S. Lombardi,
- F. Longo,
- R. López-Coto,
- M. López-Moya,
- A. López-Oramas,
- S. Loporchio,
- A. Lorini,
- J. Lozano Bahilo,
- F. Lucarelli,
- H. Luciani,
- P. L. Luque-Escamilla,
- P. Majumdar,
- M. Makariev,
- M. Mallamaci,
- D. Mandat,
- M. Manganaro,
- D. K. Maniadakis,
- G. Manicò,
- K. Mannheim,
- S. Marchesi,
- F. Marini,
- M. Mariotti,
- P. Marquez,
- G. Marsella,
- J. Martí,
- O. Martinez,
- G. Martínez,
- M. Martínez,
- A. Mas-Aguilar,
- M. Massa,
- G. Maurin,
- D. Mazin,
- J. Méndez-Gallego,
- S. Menon,
- E. Mestre Guillen,
- D. Miceli,
- T. Miener,
- J. M. Miranda,
- R. Mirzoyan,
- M. Mizote,
- T. Mizuno,
- M. Molero Gonzalez,
- E. Molina,
- T. Montaruli,
- A. Moralejo,
- D. Morcuende,
- A. Moreno Ramos,
- A. Morselli,
- V. Moya,
- H. Muraishi,
- K. Murase,
- S. Nagataki,
- T. Nakamori,
- A. Neronov,
- D. Nieto Castaño,
- M. Nievas Rosillo,
- L. Nikolic,
- K. Nishijima,
- K. Noda,
- D. Nosek,
- V. Novotny,
- S. Nozaki,
- M. Ohishi,
- Y. Ohtani,
- T. Oka,
- A. Okumura,
- R. Orito,
- L. Orsini,
- J. Otero-Santos,
- P. Ottanelli,
- M. Palatiello,
- G. Panebianco,
- D. Paneque,
- F. R. Pantaleo,
- R. Paoletti,
- J. M. Paredes,
- M. Pech,
- M. Pecimotika,
- M. Peresano,
- F. Pfeifle,
- E. Pietropaolo,
- M. Pihet,
- G. Pirola,
- C. Plard,
- F. Podobnik,
- M. Polo,
- E. Prandini,
- M. Prouza,
- S. Rainò,
- R. Rando,
- W. Rhode,
- M. Ribó,
- V. Rizi,
- G. Rodriguez Fernandez,
- M. D. Rodríguez Frías,
- P. Romano,
- A. Roy,
- A. Ruina,
- E. Ruiz-Velasco,
- T. Saito,
- S. Sakurai,
- D. A. Sanchez,
- H. Sano,
- T. Šarić,
- Y. Sato,
- F. G. Saturni,
- V. Savchenko,
- F. Schiavone,
- B. Schleicher,
- F. Schmuckermaier,
- J. L. Schubert,
- F. Schussler,
- T. Schweizer,
- M. Seglar Arroyo,
- T. Siegert,
- G. Silvestri,
- A. Simongini,
- J. Sitarek,
- V. Sliusar,
- A. Stamerra,
- J. Strišković,
- M. Strzys,
- Y. Suda,
- A. Sunny,
- H. Tajima,
- M. Takahashi,
- J. Takata,
- R. Takeishi,
- P. H. T. Tam,
- S. J. Tanaka,
- D. Tateishi,
- T. Tavernier,
- P. Temnikov,
- Y. Terada,
- K. Terauchi,
- T. Terzic,
- M. Teshima,
- M. Tluczykont,
- F. Tokanai,
- T. Tomura,
- D. F. Torres,
- F. Tramonti,
- P. Travnicek,
- G. Tripodo,
- A. Tutone,
- M. Vacula,
- J. van Scherpenberg,
- M. Vázquez Acosta,
- S. Ventura,
- S. Vercellone,
- G. Verna,
- I. Viale,
- A. Vigliano,
- C. F. Vigorito,
- E. Visentin,
- V. Vitale,
- V. Voitsekhovskyi,
- G. Voutsinas,
- I. Vovk,
- T. Vuillaume,
- R. Walter,
- L. Wan,
- M. Will,
- J. Wójtowicz,
- T. Yamamoto,
- R. Yamazaki,
- Y. Yao,
- P. K. H. Yeung,
- T. Yoshida,
- T. Yoshikoshi,
- W. Zhang,
- (The CTAO-LST Collaboration)
Affiliations
- K. Abe
- Department of Physics, Tokai University , 4-1-1, Kita-Kaname, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 259-1292, Japan
- S. Abe
- ORCiD
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo , 5-1-5, Kashiwa-no-ha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
- A. Abhishek
- ORCiD
- INFN and Università degli Studi di Siena , Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, della Terra e dell’Ambiente (DSFTA), Sezione di Fisica, Via Roma 56, 53100 Siena, Italy
- F. Acero
- ORCiD
- Université Paris-Saclay , Université Paris Cité, CEA, CNRS, AIM, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France; FSLAC IRL 2009 , CNRS/IAC, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
- A. Aguasca-Cabot
- ORCiD
- Departament de Física Quàntica i Astrofísica, Institut de Ciències del Cosmos, Universitat de Barcelona , IEEC-UB, Martí i Franquès, 1, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- I. Agudo
- ORCiD
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía-CSIC , Glorieta de la Astronomía s/n, 18008, Granada, Spain
- C. Alispach
- Department of Astronomy, University of Geneva , Chemin d’Ecogia 16, CH-1290 Versoix, Switzerland
- D. Ambrosino
- INFN Sezione di Napoli , Via Cintia, ed. G, 80126 Napoli, Italy
- F. Ambrosino
- INAF—Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma , Via di Frascati 33, 00040, Monteporzio Catone, Italy
- L. A. Antonelli
- ORCiD
- INAF—Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma , Via di Frascati 33, 00040, Monteporzio Catone, Italy
- C. Aramo
- ORCiD
- INFN Sezione di Napoli , Via Cintia, ed. G, 80126 Napoli, Italy
- A. Arbet-Engels
- ORCiD
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik , Boltzmannstraße 8, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany
- C. Arcaro
- ORCiD
- INFN Sezione di Padova and Università degli Studi di Padova , Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
- T. T. H. Arnesen
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias and Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna , C. Vía Láctea, s/n, 38205 La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
- K. Asano
- ORCiD
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo , 5-1-5, Kashiwa-no-ha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
- P. Aubert
- Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc , CNRS, Laboratoire d’Annecy de Physique des Particules—IN2P3, 74000 Annecy, France
- A. Baktash
- ORCiD
- Universität Hamburg , Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- M. Balbo
- Department of Astronomy, University of Geneva , Chemin d’Ecogia 16, CH-1290 Versoix, Switzerland
- A. Bamba
- ORCiD
- Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- A. Baquero Larriva
- ORCiD
- IPARCOS-UCM, Instituto de Física de Partículas y del Cosmos, and EMFTEL Department, Universidad Complutense de Madrid , Plaza de Ciencias, 1. Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain; Faculty of Science and Technology, Universidad del Azuay , Cuenca, Ecuador
- U. Barres de Almeida
- ORCiD
- Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas , Rua Xavier Sigaud 150, RJ 22290-180, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- J. A. Barrio
- ORCiD
- IPARCOS-UCM, Instituto de Física de Partículas y del Cosmos, and EMFTEL Department, Universidad Complutense de Madrid , Plaza de Ciencias, 1. Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- L. Barrios Jiménez
- ORCiD
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias and Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna , C. Vía Láctea, s/n, 38205 La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
- I. Batkovic
- ORCiD
- INFN Sezione di Padova and Università degli Studi di Padova , Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
- J. Baxter
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo , 5-1-5, Kashiwa-no-ha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
- J. Becerra González
- ORCiD
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias and Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna , C. Vía Láctea, s/n, 38205 La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
- E. Bernardini
- ORCiD
- INFN Sezione di Padova and Università degli Studi di Padova , Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
- J. Bernete
- ORCiD
- CIEMAT , Avda. Complutense 40, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- A. Berti
- ORCiD
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik , Boltzmannstraße 8, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany
- I. Bezshyiko
- University of Geneva—Département de physique nucléaire et corpusculaire , 24 Quai Ernest Ansernet, 1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
- C. Bigongiari
- ORCiD
- INAF—Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma , Via di Frascati 33, 00040, Monteporzio Catone, Italy
- E. Bissaldi
- ORCiD
- INFN Sezione di Bari and Politecnico di Bari , via Orabona 4, 70124 Bari, Italy
- O. Blanch
- ORCiD
- Institut de Fisica d’Altes Energies (IFAE) , The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
- G. Bonnoli
- ORCiD
- INAF—Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera , Via Brera 28, 20121 Milano, Italy
- P. Bordas
- ORCiD
- Departament de Física Quàntica i Astrofísica, Institut de Ciències del Cosmos, Universitat de Barcelona , IEEC-UB, Martí i Franquès, 1, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- G. Borkowski
- ORCiD
- Faculty of Physics and Applied Informatics, University of Lodz , ul. Pomorska 149-153, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
- G. Brunelli
- ORCiD
- INAF—Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello spazio di Bologna , Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy; Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia (DIFA) Augusto Righi, Università di Bologna , via Gobetti 93/2, I-40129 Bologna, Italy
- A. Bulgarelli
- ORCiD
- INAF—Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello spazio di Bologna , Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy
- M. Bunse
- Lamarr Institute for Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence , 44227 Dortmund, Germany
- I. Burelli
- ORCiD
- INFN Sezione di Trieste and Università degli studi di Udine , via delle scienze 206, 33100 Udine, Italy
- L. Burmistrov
- University of Geneva—Département de physique nucléaire et corpusculaire , 24 Quai Ernest Ansernet, 1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
- M. Cardillo
- ORCiD
- INAF—Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali (IAPS) , Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Roma, Italy
- S. Caroff
- ORCiD
- Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc , CNRS, Laboratoire d’Annecy de Physique des Particules—IN2P3, 74000 Annecy, France
- A. Carosi
- ORCiD
- INAF—Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma , Via di Frascati 33, 00040, Monteporzio Catone, Italy
- R. Carraro
- INAF—Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma , Via di Frascati 33, 00040, Monteporzio Catone, Italy
- M. S. Carrasco
- ORCiD
- Aix Marseille Univ , CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France
- F. Cassol
- ORCiD
- Aix Marseille Univ , CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France
- D. Cerasole
- ORCiD
- INFN Sezione di Bari and Università di Bari , via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
- G. Ceribella
- ORCiD
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik , Boltzmannstraße 8, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany
- A. Cerviño Cortínez
- IPARCOS-UCM, Instituto de Física de Partículas y del Cosmos, and EMFTEL Department, Universidad Complutense de Madrid , Plaza de Ciencias, 1. Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Y. Chai
- ORCiD
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik , Boltzmannstraße 8, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany
- K. Cheng
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo , 5-1-5, Kashiwa-no-ha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
- A. Chiavassa
- ORCiD
- INFN Sezione di Torino , Via P. Giuria 1, 10125 Torino, Italy; Dipartimento di Fisica—Universitá degli Studi di Torino , Via Pietro Giuria 1—10125 Torino, Italy
- M. Chikawa
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo , 5-1-5, Kashiwa-no-ha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
- G. Chon
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik , Boltzmannstraße 8, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany
- L. Chytka
- ORCiD
- Palacky University Olomouc , Faculty of Science, 17. listopadu 1192/12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
- G. M. Cicciari
- ORCiD
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica “E. Segrè” Università degli Studi di Palermo , via delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy; INFN Sezione di Catania , Via S. Sofia 64, 95123 Catania, Italy
- A. Cifuentes
- ORCiD
- CIEMAT , Avda. Complutense 40, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- J. L. Contreras
- ORCiD
- IPARCOS-UCM, Instituto de Física de Partículas y del Cosmos, and EMFTEL Department, Universidad Complutense de Madrid , Plaza de Ciencias, 1. Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- J. Cortina
- ORCiD
- CIEMAT , Avda. Complutense 40, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- H. Costantini
- ORCiD
- Aix Marseille Univ , CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France
- M. Dalchenko
- ORCiD
- University of Geneva—Département de physique nucléaire et corpusculaire , 24 Quai Ernest Ansernet, 1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
- P. Da Vela
- ORCiD
- INAF—Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello spazio di Bologna , Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy
- F. Dazzi
- ORCiD
- INAF—Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma , Via di Frascati 33, 00040, Monteporzio Catone, Italy
- A. De Angelis
- ORCiD
- INFN Sezione di Padova and Università degli Studi di Padova , Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
- M. de Bony de Lavergne
- ORCiD
- IRFU , CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, Bât 141, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- R. Del Burgo
- INFN Sezione di Napoli , Via Cintia, ed. G, 80126 Napoli, Italy
- C. Delgado
- ORCiD
- CIEMAT , Avda. Complutense 40, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- J. Delgado Mengual
- ORCiD
- Port d’Informació Científica , Edifici D, Carrer de l’Albareda, 08193 Bellaterrra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain
- M. Dellaiera
- Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc , CNRS, Laboratoire d’Annecy de Physique des Particules—IN2P3, 74000 Annecy, France
- D. della Volpe
- ORCiD
- University of Geneva—Département de physique nucléaire et corpusculaire , 24 Quai Ernest Ansernet, 1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
- B. De Lotto
- ORCiD
- INFN Sezione di Trieste and Università degli studi di Udine , via delle scienze 206, 33100 Udine, Italy
- L. Del Peral
- ORCiD
- University of Alcalá UAH , Departamento de Physics and Mathematics, Pza. San Diego, 28801, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
- R. de Menezes
- ORCiD
- INFN Sezione di Torino , Via P. Giuria 1, 10125 Torino, Italy
- G. De Palma
- INFN Sezione di Bari and Politecnico di Bari , via Orabona 4, 70124 Bari, Italy
- C. Díaz
- ORCiD
- CIEMAT , Avda. Complutense 40, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- A. Di Piano
- ORCiD
- INAF—Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello spazio di Bologna , Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy
- F. Di Pierro
- ORCiD
- INFN Sezione di Torino , Via P. Giuria 1, 10125 Torino, Italy
- R. Di Tria
- ORCiD
- INFN Sezione di Bari and Università di Bari , via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
- L. Di Venere
- ORCiD
- INFN Sezione di Bari , via Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
- R. M. Dominik
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University , Otto-Hahn-Str. 4, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
- D. Dominis Prester
- ORCiD
- University of Rijeka , Department of Physics, Radmile Matejcic 2, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
- A. Donini
- ORCiD
- INAF—Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma , Via di Frascati 33, 00040, Monteporzio Catone, Italy
- D. Dorner
- ORCiD
- Institute for Theoretical Physics and Astrophysics, Universität Würzburg , Campus Hubland Nord, Emil-Fischer-Str. 31, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
- M. Doro
- ORCiD
- INFN Sezione di Padova and Università degli Studi di Padova , Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
- L. Eisenberger
- Institute for Theoretical Physics and Astrophysics, Universität Würzburg , Campus Hubland Nord, Emil-Fischer-Str. 31, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
- D. Elsässer
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University , Otto-Hahn-Str. 4, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
- G. Emery
- ORCiD
- Aix Marseille Univ , CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France
- J. Escudero
- ORCiD
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía-CSIC , Glorieta de la Astronomía s/n, 18008, Granada, Spain
- V. Fallah Ramazani
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University , Otto-Hahn-Str. 4, 44227 Dortmund, Germany; Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku , FI-20014, Finland
- F. Ferrarotto
- ORCiD
- INFN Sezione di Roma La Sapienza , P.le Aldo Moro, 2—00185 Rome, Italy
- A. Fiasson
- ORCiD
- Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc , CNRS, Laboratoire d’Annecy de Physique des Particules—IN2P3, 74000 Annecy, France; ILANCE, CNRS—University of Tokyo International Research Laboratory, University of Tokyo , 5-1-5 Kashiwa-no-Ha Kashiwa City, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
- L. Foffano
- ORCiD
- INAF—Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali (IAPS) , Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Roma, Italy
- F. Frías García-Lago
- ORCiD
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias and Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna , C. Vía Láctea, s/n, 38205 La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
- S. Fröse
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University , Otto-Hahn-Str. 4, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
- Y. Fukazawa
- ORCiD
- Physics Program, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University , 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima City, Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
- S. Gallozzi
- INAF—Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma , Via di Frascati 33, 00040, Monteporzio Catone, Italy
- R. Garcia López
- ORCiD
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias and Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna , C. Vía Láctea, s/n, 38205 La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
- S. Garcia Soto
- CIEMAT , Avda. Complutense 40, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- C. Gasbarra
- ORCiD
- INFN Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata , Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
- D. Gasparrini
- ORCiD
- INFN Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata , Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
- D. Geyer
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University , Otto-Hahn-Str. 4, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
- J. Giesbrecht Paiva
- Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas , Rua Xavier Sigaud 150, RJ 22290-180, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- N. Giglietto
- ORCiD
- INFN Sezione di Bari and Politecnico di Bari , via Orabona 4, 70124 Bari, Italy
- F. Giordano
- ORCiD
- INFN Sezione di Bari and Università di Bari , via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
- N. Godinovic
- ORCiD
- University of Split , FESB, R. Boškovića 32, 21000 Split, Croatia
- T. Gradetzke
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University , Otto-Hahn-Str. 4, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
- R. Grau
- ORCiD
- Institut de Fisica d’Altes Energies (IFAE) , The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
- D. Green
- ORCiD
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik , Boltzmannstraße 8, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany
- J. Green
- ORCiD
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik , Boltzmannstraße 8, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany
- S. Gunji
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, Yamagata University , 1-4-12 Kojirakawa-machi, Yamagata-shi, 990-8560, Japan
- P. Günther
- Institute for Theoretical Physics and Astrophysics, Universität Würzburg , Campus Hubland Nord, Emil-Fischer-Str. 31, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
- J. Hackfeld
- ORCiD
- Institut für Theoretische Physik , Lehrstuhl IV: Plasma-Astroteilchenphysik, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
- D. Hadasch
- ORCiD
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo , 5-1-5, Kashiwa-no-ha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
- A. Hahn
- ORCiD
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik , Boltzmannstraße 8, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany
- M. Hashizume
- Physics Program, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University , 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima City, Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
- T. Hassan
- ORCiD
- CIEMAT , Avda. Complutense 40, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- K. Hayashi
- ORCiD
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo , 5-1-5, Kashiwa-no-ha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan; Sendai College, National Institute of Technology , 4-16-1 Ayashi-Chuo, Aoba-ku, Sendai city, Miyagi 989-3128, Japan
- L. Heckmann
- ORCiD
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik , Boltzmannstraße 8, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany
- M. Heller
- ORCiD
- University of Geneva—Département de physique nucléaire et corpusculaire , 24 Quai Ernest Ansernet, 1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
- J. Herrera Llorente
- ORCiD
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias and Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna , C. Vía Láctea, s/n, 38205 La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
- K. Hirotani
- ORCiD
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo , 5-1-5, Kashiwa-no-ha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
- D. Hoffmann
- ORCiD
- Aix Marseille Univ , CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France
- D. Horns
- ORCiD
- Universität Hamburg , Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- J. Houles
- ORCiD
- Aix Marseille Univ , CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France
- M. Hrabovsky
- ORCiD
- Palacky University Olomouc , Faculty of Science, 17. listopadu 1192/12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
- D. Hrupec
- ORCiD
- Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek , Department of Physics, Trg Ljudevita Gaja 6, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- D. Hui
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo , 5-1-5, Kashiwa-no-ha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan; Department of Astronomy and Space Science, Chungnam National University , Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
- M. Iarlori
- INFN Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche—Università degli Studi dell’Aquila and Gran Sasso Science Institute , Via Vetoio 1, Viale Crispi 7, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
- R. Imazawa
- ORCiD
- Physics Program, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University , 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima City, Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
- T. Inada
- ORCiD
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo , 5-1-5, Kashiwa-no-ha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
- Y. Inome
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo , 5-1-5, Kashiwa-no-ha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
- S. Inoue
- ORCiD
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo , 5-1-5, Kashiwa-no-ha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan; Chiba University , 1-33, Yayoicho, Inage-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan
- K. Ioka
- ORCiD
- Kitashirakawa Oiwakecho , Sakyo Ward, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
- M. Iori
- ORCiD
- INFN Sezione di Roma La Sapienza , P.le Aldo Moro, 2—00185 Rome, Italy
- T. Itokawa
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo , 5-1-5, Kashiwa-no-ha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
- A. Iuliano
- ORCiD
- INFN Sezione di Napoli , Via Cintia, ed. G, 80126 Napoli, Italy
- J. Jahanvi
- INFN Sezione di Trieste and Università degli studi di Udine , via delle scienze 206, 33100 Udine, Italy
- I. Jimenez Martinez
- ORCiD
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik , Boltzmannstraße 8, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany
- J. Jimenez Quiles
- ORCiD
- Institut de Fisica d’Altes Energies (IFAE) , The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
- I. Jorge Rodrigo
- CIEMAT , Avda. Complutense 40, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- J. Jurysek
- ORCiD
- FZU—Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences , Na Slovance 1999/2, 182 21 Praha 8, Czech Republic
- M. Kagaya
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo , 5-1-5, Kashiwa-no-ha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan; Sendai College, National Institute of Technology , 4-16-1 Ayashi-Chuo, Aoba-ku, Sendai city, Miyagi 989-3128, Japan
- O. Kalashev
- ORCiD
- Laboratory for High Energy Physics , École Polytechnique Fédérale, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- V. Karas
- ORCiD
- Astronomical Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences , Bocni II 1401—14100 Prague, Czech Republic
- H. Katagiri
- ORCiD
- Faculty of Science, Ibaraki University , 2 Chome-1-1 Bunkyo, Mito, Ibaraki 310-0056, Japan
- D. Kerszberg
- ORCiD
- Institut de Fisica d’Altes Energies (IFAE) , The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain; Sorbonne Université , CNRS/IN2P3, Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, LPNHE, 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
- T. Kiyomot
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University , 255 Simo-Ohkubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama city, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
- Y. Kobayashi
- ORCiD
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo , 5-1-5, Kashiwa-no-ha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
- K. Kohri
- ORCiD
- Institute of Particle and Nuclear Studies , KEK (High Energy Accelerator Research Organization), 1-1 Oho, Tsukuba, 305-0801, Japan
- A. Kong
- ORCiD
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo , 5-1-5, Kashiwa-no-ha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
- P. Kornecki
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía-CSIC , Glorieta de la Astronomía s/n, 18008, Granada, Spain
- H. Kubo
- ORCiD
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo , 5-1-5, Kashiwa-no-ha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
- J. Kushida
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, Tokai University , 4-1-1, Kita-Kaname, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 259-1292, Japan
- B. Lacave
- University of Geneva—Département de physique nucléaire et corpusculaire , 24 Quai Ernest Ansernet, 1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
- M. Lainez
- ORCiD
- IPARCOS-UCM, Instituto de Física de Partículas y del Cosmos, and EMFTEL Department, Universidad Complutense de Madrid , Plaza de Ciencias, 1. Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- G. Lamanna
- ORCiD
- Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc , CNRS, Laboratoire d’Annecy de Physique des Particules—IN2P3, 74000 Annecy, France
- A. Lamastra
- ORCiD
- INAF—Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma , Via di Frascati 33, 00040, Monteporzio Catone, Italy
- L. Lemoigne
- Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc , CNRS, Laboratoire d’Annecy de Physique des Particules—IN2P3, 74000 Annecy, France
- M. Linhoff
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University , Otto-Hahn-Str. 4, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
- S. Lombardi
- INAF—Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma , Via di Frascati 33, 00040, Monteporzio Catone, Italy
- F. Longo
- ORCiD
- INFN Sezione di Trieste and Universitá degli Studi di Trieste , Via Valerio 2 I, 34127 Trieste, Italy
- R. López-Coto
- ORCiD
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía-CSIC , Glorieta de la Astronomía s/n, 18008, Granada, Spain
- M. López-Moya
- IPARCOS-UCM, Instituto de Física de Partículas y del Cosmos, and EMFTEL Department, Universidad Complutense de Madrid , Plaza de Ciencias, 1. Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- A. López-Oramas
- ORCiD
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias and Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna , C. Vía Láctea, s/n, 38205 La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
- S. Loporchio
- ORCiD
- INFN Sezione di Bari and Università di Bari , via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
- A. Lorini
- ORCiD
- INFN and Università degli Studi di Siena , Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, della Terra e dell’Ambiente (DSFTA), Sezione di Fisica, Via Roma 56, 53100 Siena, Italy
- J. Lozano Bahilo
- University of Alcalá UAH , Departamento de Physics and Mathematics, Pza. San Diego, 28801, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
- F. Lucarelli
- INAF—Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma , Via di Frascati 33, 00040, Monteporzio Catone, Italy
- H. Luciani
- INFN Sezione di Trieste and Universitá degli Studi di Trieste , Via Valerio 2 I, 34127 Trieste, Italy
- P. L. Luque-Escamilla
- ORCiD
- Escuela Politécnica Superior de Jaén, Universidad de Jaén , Campus Las Lagunillas s/n, Edif. A3, 23071 Jaén, Spain
- P. Majumdar
- ORCiD
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo , 5-1-5, Kashiwa-no-ha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan; Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics , Sector 1, AF Block, Bidhan Nagar, Bidhannagar, Kolkata, West Bengal 700064, India
- M. Makariev
- ORCiD
- Institute for Nuclear Research and Nuclear Energy , Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 72 boul. Tsarigradsko chaussee, 1784 Sofia, Bulgaria
- M. Mallamaci
- ORCiD
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica “E. Segrè” Università degli Studi di Palermo , via delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy; INFN Sezione di Catania , Via S. Sofia 64, 95123 Catania, Italy
- D. Mandat
- ORCiD
- FZU—Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences , Na Slovance 1999/2, 182 21 Praha 8, Czech Republic
- M. Manganaro
- ORCiD
- University of Rijeka , Department of Physics, Radmile Matejcic 2, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
- D. K. Maniadakis
- INAF—Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma , Via di Frascati 33, 00040, Monteporzio Catone, Italy
- G. Manicò
- ORCiD
- INFN Sezione di Catania , Via S. Sofia 64, 95123 Catania, Italy
- K. Mannheim
- ORCiD
- Institute for Theoretical Physics and Astrophysics, Universität Würzburg , Campus Hubland Nord, Emil-Fischer-Str. 31, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
- S. Marchesi
- INAF—Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello spazio di Bologna , Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy; Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia (DIFA) Augusto Righi, Università di Bologna , via Gobetti 93/2, I-40129 Bologna, Italy; Department of Physics and Astronomy, Clemson University , Kinard Lab of Physics, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
- F. Marini
- INFN Sezione di Padova and Università degli Studi di Padova , Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
- M. Mariotti
- ORCiD
- INFN Sezione di Padova and Università degli Studi di Padova , Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
- P. Marquez
- ORCiD
- Institut de Fisica d’Altes Energies (IFAE) , The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
- G. Marsella
- ORCiD
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica “E. Segrè” Università degli Studi di Palermo , via delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy; INFN Sezione di Catania , Via S. Sofia 64, 95123 Catania, Italy
- J. Martí
- ORCiD
- Escuela Politécnica Superior de Jaén, Universidad de Jaén , Campus Las Lagunillas s/n, Edif. A3, 23071 Jaén, Spain
- O. Martinez
- ORCiD
- Grupo de Electronica, Universidad Complutense de Madrid , Av. Complutense s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- G. Martínez
- ORCiD
- CIEMAT , Avda. Complutense 40, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- M. Martínez
- ORCiD
- Institut de Fisica d’Altes Energies (IFAE) , The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
- A. Mas-Aguilar
- ORCiD
- IPARCOS-UCM, Instituto de Física de Partículas y del Cosmos, and EMFTEL Department, Universidad Complutense de Madrid , Plaza de Ciencias, 1. Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- M. Massa
- INFN and Università degli Studi di Siena , Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, della Terra e dell’Ambiente (DSFTA), Sezione di Fisica, Via Roma 56, 53100 Siena, Italy
- G. Maurin
- ORCiD
- Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc , CNRS, Laboratoire d’Annecy de Physique des Particules—IN2P3, 74000 Annecy, France
- D. Mazin
- ORCiD
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo , 5-1-5, Kashiwa-no-ha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan; Max-Planck-Institut für Physik , Boltzmannstraße 8, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany
- J. Méndez-Gallego
- ORCiD
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía-CSIC , Glorieta de la Astronomía s/n, 18008, Granada, Spain
- S. Menon
- INAF—Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma , Via di Frascati 33, 00040, Monteporzio Catone, Italy
- E. Mestre Guillen
- ORCiD
- Institute of Space Sciences (ICE, CSIC), and Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC), and Institució Catalana de Recerca I Estudis Avançats (ICREA) , Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans, s/n 08193 Bellatera, Spain
- D. Miceli
- ORCiD
- INFN Sezione di Padova and Università degli Studi di Padova , Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
- T. Miener
- ORCiD
- IPARCOS-UCM, Instituto de Física de Partículas y del Cosmos, and EMFTEL Department, Universidad Complutense de Madrid , Plaza de Ciencias, 1. Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- J. M. Miranda
- ORCiD
- Grupo de Electronica, Universidad Complutense de Madrid , Av. Complutense s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- R. Mirzoyan
- ORCiD
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik , Boltzmannstraße 8, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany
- M. Mizote
- Department of Physics, Konan University , 8-9-1 Okamoto, Higashinada-ku Kobe 658-8501, Japan
- T. Mizuno
- ORCiD
- Physics Program, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University , 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima City, Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
- M. Molero Gonzalez
- ORCiD
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias and Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna , C. Vía Láctea, s/n, 38205 La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
- E. Molina
- ORCiD
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias and Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna , C. Vía Láctea, s/n, 38205 La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
- T. Montaruli
- ORCiD
- University of Geneva—Département de physique nucléaire et corpusculaire , 24 Quai Ernest Ansernet, 1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
- A. Moralejo
- ORCiD
- Institut de Fisica d’Altes Energies (IFAE) , The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
- D. Morcuende
- ORCiD
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía-CSIC , Glorieta de la Astronomía s/n, 18008, Granada, Spain
- A. Moreno Ramos
- Grupo de Electronica, Universidad Complutense de Madrid , Av. Complutense s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- A. Morselli
- ORCiD
- INFN Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata , Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
- V. Moya
- ORCiD
- IPARCOS-UCM, Instituto de Física de Partículas y del Cosmos, and EMFTEL Department, Universidad Complutense de Madrid , Plaza de Ciencias, 1. Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- H. Muraishi
- ORCiD
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Kitasato University , Sagamihara, Kanagawa 228-8555, Japan
- K. Murase
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo , 5-1-5, Kashiwa-no-ha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
- S. Nagataki
- RIKEN , Institute of Physical and Chemical Research, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
- T. Nakamori
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, Yamagata University , 1-4-12 Kojirakawa-machi, Yamagata-shi, 990-8560, Japan
- A. Neronov
- ORCiD
- Laboratory for High Energy Physics , École Polytechnique Fédérale, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- D. Nieto Castaño
- IPARCOS-UCM, Instituto de Física de Partículas y del Cosmos, and EMFTEL Department, Universidad Complutense de Madrid , Plaza de Ciencias, 1. Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- M. Nievas Rosillo
- ORCiD
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias and Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna , C. Vía Láctea, s/n, 38205 La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
- L. Nikolic
- INFN and Università degli Studi di Siena , Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, della Terra e dell’Ambiente (DSFTA), Sezione di Fisica, Via Roma 56, 53100 Siena, Italy
- K. Nishijima
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, Tokai University , 4-1-1, Kita-Kaname, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 259-1292, Japan
- K. Noda
- ORCiD
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo , 5-1-5, Kashiwa-no-ha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan; Chiba University , 1-33, Yayoicho, Inage-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan
- D. Nosek
- ORCiD
- Charles University , Institute of Particle and Nuclear Physics, V Holešovičkách 2, 180 00 Prague 8, Czech Republic
- V. Novotny
- ORCiD
- Charles University , Institute of Particle and Nuclear Physics, V Holešovičkách 2, 180 00 Prague 8, Czech Republic
- S. Nozaki
- ORCiD
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik , Boltzmannstraße 8, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany
- M. Ohishi
- ORCiD
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo , 5-1-5, Kashiwa-no-ha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
- Y. Ohtani
- ORCiD
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo , 5-1-5, Kashiwa-no-ha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
- T. Oka
- ORCiD
- Division of Physics and Astronomy, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University , Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
- A. Okumura
- ORCiD
- Institute for Space-Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University , Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan; Kobayashi-Maskawa Institute (KMI) for the Origin of Particles and the Universe, Nagoya University , Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
- R. Orito
- Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University , 2-1 Minamijosanjima, Tokushima, 770-8506, Japan
- L. Orsini
- INFN and Università degli Studi di Siena , Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, della Terra e dell’Ambiente (DSFTA), Sezione di Fisica, Via Roma 56, 53100 Siena, Italy
- J. Otero-Santos
- ORCiD
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía-CSIC , Glorieta de la Astronomía s/n, 18008, Granada, Spain
- P. Ottanelli
- ORCiD
- INFN Sezione di Pisa , Edificio C—Polo Fibonacci, Largo Bruno Pontecorvo 3, 56127 Pisa, Italy
- M. Palatiello
- ORCiD
- INAF—Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma , Via di Frascati 33, 00040, Monteporzio Catone, Italy
- G. Panebianco
- ORCiD
- INAF—Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello spazio di Bologna , Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy
- D. Paneque
- ORCiD
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik , Boltzmannstraße 8, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany
- F. R. Pantaleo
- ORCiD
- INFN Sezione di Bari and Politecnico di Bari , via Orabona 4, 70124 Bari, Italy
- R. Paoletti
- ORCiD
- INFN and Università degli Studi di Siena , Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, della Terra e dell’Ambiente (DSFTA), Sezione di Fisica, Via Roma 56, 53100 Siena, Italy
- J. M. Paredes
- ORCiD
- Departament de Física Quàntica i Astrofísica, Institut de Ciències del Cosmos, Universitat de Barcelona , IEEC-UB, Martí i Franquès, 1, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- M. Pech
- ORCiD
- Palacky University Olomouc , Faculty of Science, 17. listopadu 1192/12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic; FZU—Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences , Na Slovance 1999/2, 182 21 Praha 8, Czech Republic
- M. Pecimotika
- ORCiD
- Institut de Fisica d’Altes Energies (IFAE) , The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
- M. Peresano
- ORCiD
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik , Boltzmannstraße 8, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany
- F. Pfeifle
- Institute for Theoretical Physics and Astrophysics, Universität Würzburg , Campus Hubland Nord, Emil-Fischer-Str. 31, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
- E. Pietropaolo
- ORCiD
- INFN Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche—Università degli Studi dell’Aquila and Gran Sasso Science Institute , Via Vetoio 1, Viale Crispi 7, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
- M. Pihet
- ORCiD
- Departament de Física Quàntica i Astrofísica, Institut de Ciències del Cosmos, Universitat de Barcelona , IEEC-UB, Martí i Franquès, 1, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- G. Pirola
- ORCiD
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik , Boltzmannstraße 8, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany
- C. Plard
- ORCiD
- Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc , CNRS, Laboratoire d’Annecy de Physique des Particules—IN2P3, 74000 Annecy, France
- F. Podobnik
- ORCiD
- INFN and Università degli Studi di Siena , Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, della Terra e dell’Ambiente (DSFTA), Sezione di Fisica, Via Roma 56, 53100 Siena, Italy
- M. Polo
- CIEMAT , Avda. Complutense 40, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- E. Prandini
- ORCiD
- INFN Sezione di Padova and Università degli Studi di Padova , Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
- M. Prouza
- ORCiD
- FZU—Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences , Na Slovance 1999/2, 182 21 Praha 8, Czech Republic
- S. Rainò
- ORCiD
- INFN Sezione di Bari and Università di Bari , via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
- R. Rando
- ORCiD
- INFN Sezione di Padova and Università degli Studi di Padova , Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
- W. Rhode
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University , Otto-Hahn-Str. 4, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
- M. Ribó
- ORCiD
- Departament de Física Quàntica i Astrofísica, Institut de Ciències del Cosmos, Universitat de Barcelona , IEEC-UB, Martí i Franquès, 1, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- V. Rizi
- ORCiD
- INFN Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche—Università degli Studi dell’Aquila and Gran Sasso Science Institute , Via Vetoio 1, Viale Crispi 7, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
- G. Rodriguez Fernandez
- ORCiD
- INFN Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata , Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
- M. D. Rodríguez Frías
- ORCiD
- University of Alcalá UAH , Departamento de Physics and Mathematics, Pza. San Diego, 28801, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
- P. Romano
- ORCiD
- INAF—Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera , Via Brera 28, 20121 Milano, Italy
- A. Roy
- Physics Program, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University , 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima City, Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
- A. Ruina
- ORCiD
- INFN Sezione di Padova and Università degli Studi di Padova , Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
- E. Ruiz-Velasco
- ORCiD
- Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc , CNRS, Laboratoire d’Annecy de Physique des Particules—IN2P3, 74000 Annecy, France
- T. Saito
- ORCiD
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo , 5-1-5, Kashiwa-no-ha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
- S. Sakurai
- ORCiD
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo , 5-1-5, Kashiwa-no-ha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
- D. A. Sanchez
- ORCiD
- Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc , CNRS, Laboratoire d’Annecy de Physique des Particules—IN2P3, 74000 Annecy, France
- H. Sano
- ORCiD
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo , 5-1-5, Kashiwa-no-ha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan; Gifu University , Faculty of Engineering, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
- T. Šarić
- ORCiD
- University of Split , FESB, R. Boškovića 32, 21000 Split, Croatia
- Y. Sato
- ORCiD
- Department of Physical Sciences, Aoyama Gakuin University , Fuchinobe, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-5258, Japan
- F. G. Saturni
- ORCiD
- INAF—Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma , Via di Frascati 33, 00040, Monteporzio Catone, Italy
- V. Savchenko
- ORCiD
- Laboratory for High Energy Physics , École Polytechnique Fédérale, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- F. Schiavone
- INFN Sezione di Bari and Università di Bari , via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
- B. Schleicher
- ORCiD
- Institute for Theoretical Physics and Astrophysics, Universität Würzburg , Campus Hubland Nord, Emil-Fischer-Str. 31, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
- F. Schmuckermaier
- ORCiD
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik , Boltzmannstraße 8, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany
- J. L. Schubert
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University , Otto-Hahn-Str. 4, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
- F. Schussler
- ORCiD
- IRFU , CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, Bât 141, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- T. Schweizer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik , Boltzmannstraße 8, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany
- M. Seglar Arroyo
- ORCiD
- Institut de Fisica d’Altes Energies (IFAE) , The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
- T. Siegert
- ORCiD
- Institute for Theoretical Physics and Astrophysics, Universität Würzburg , Campus Hubland Nord, Emil-Fischer-Str. 31, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
- G. Silvestri
- INFN Sezione di Padova and Università degli Studi di Padova , Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
- A. Simongini
- ORCiD
- INAF—Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma , Via di Frascati 33, 00040, Monteporzio Catone, Italy; Macroarea di Scienze MMFFNN, Università di Roma Tor Vergata , Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
- J. Sitarek
- ORCiD
- Faculty of Physics and Applied Informatics, University of Lodz , ul. Pomorska 149-153, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
- V. Sliusar
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy, University of Geneva , Chemin d’Ecogia 16, CH-1290 Versoix, Switzerland
- A. Stamerra
- ORCiD
- INAF—Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma , Via di Frascati 33, 00040, Monteporzio Catone, Italy
- J. Strišković
- ORCiD
- Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek , Department of Physics, Trg Ljudevita Gaja 6, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- M. Strzys
- ORCiD
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo , 5-1-5, Kashiwa-no-ha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
- Y. Suda
- ORCiD
- Physics Program, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University , 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima City, Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
- A. Sunny
- ORCiD
- INAF—Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma , Via di Frascati 33, 00040, Monteporzio Catone, Italy; Macroarea di Scienze MMFFNN, Università di Roma Tor Vergata , Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
- H. Tajima
- ORCiD
- Institute for Space-Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University , Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
- M. Takahashi
- ORCiD
- Institute for Space-Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University , Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
- J. Takata
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo , 5-1-5, Kashiwa-no-ha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
- R. Takeishi
- ORCiD
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo , 5-1-5, Kashiwa-no-ha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
- P. H. T. Tam
- ORCiD
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo , 5-1-5, Kashiwa-no-ha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
- S. J. Tanaka
- ORCiD
- Department of Physical Sciences, Aoyama Gakuin University , Fuchinobe, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-5258, Japan
- D. Tateishi
- ORCiD
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University , 255 Simo-Ohkubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama city, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
- T. Tavernier
- FZU—Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences , Na Slovance 1999/2, 182 21 Praha 8, Czech Republic
- P. Temnikov
- ORCiD
- Institute for Nuclear Research and Nuclear Energy , Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 72 boul. Tsarigradsko chaussee, 1784 Sofia, Bulgaria
- Y. Terada
- ORCiD
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University , 255 Simo-Ohkubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama city, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
- K. Terauchi
- ORCiD
- Division of Physics and Astronomy, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University , Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
- T. Terzic
- ORCiD
- University of Rijeka , Department of Physics, Radmile Matejcic 2, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
- M. Teshima
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo , 5-1-5, Kashiwa-no-ha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan; Max-Planck-Institut für Physik , Boltzmannstraße 8, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany
- M. Tluczykont
- Universität Hamburg , Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- F. Tokanai
- Department of Physics, Yamagata University , 1-4-12 Kojirakawa-machi, Yamagata-shi, 990-8560, Japan
- T. Tomura
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo , 5-1-5, Kashiwa-no-ha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
- D. F. Torres
- ORCiD
- Institute of Space Sciences (ICE, CSIC), and Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC), and Institució Catalana de Recerca I Estudis Avançats (ICREA) , Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans, s/n 08193 Bellatera, Spain
- F. Tramonti
- INFN and Università degli Studi di Siena , Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, della Terra e dell’Ambiente (DSFTA), Sezione di Fisica, Via Roma 56, 53100 Siena, Italy
- P. Travnicek
- ORCiD
- FZU—Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences , Na Slovance 1999/2, 182 21 Praha 8, Czech Republic
- G. Tripodo
- INFN Sezione di Catania , Via S. Sofia 64, 95123 Catania, Italy
- A. Tutone
- ORCiD
- INAF—Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma , Via di Frascati 33, 00040, Monteporzio Catone, Italy
- M. Vacula
- ORCiD
- Palacky University Olomouc , Faculty of Science, 17. listopadu 1192/12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
- J. van Scherpenberg
- ORCiD
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik , Boltzmannstraße 8, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany
- M. Vázquez Acosta
- ORCiD
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias and Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna , C. Vía Láctea, s/n, 38205 La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
- S. Ventura
- ORCiD
- INFN and Università degli Studi di Siena , Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, della Terra e dell’Ambiente (DSFTA), Sezione di Fisica, Via Roma 56, 53100 Siena, Italy
- S. Vercellone
- ORCiD
- INAF—Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera , Via Brera 28, 20121 Milano, Italy
- G. Verna
- ORCiD
- INFN and Università degli Studi di Siena , Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, della Terra e dell’Ambiente (DSFTA), Sezione di Fisica, Via Roma 56, 53100 Siena, Italy
- I. Viale
- ORCiD
- INFN Sezione di Padova and Università degli Studi di Padova , Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
- A. Vigliano
- ORCiD
- INFN Sezione di Trieste and Università degli studi di Udine , via delle scienze 206, 33100 Udine, Italy
- C. F. Vigorito
- ORCiD
- INFN Sezione di Torino , Via P. Giuria 1, 10125 Torino, Italy; Dipartimento di Fisica—Universitá degli Studi di Torino , Via Pietro Giuria 1—10125 Torino, Italy
- E. Visentin
- ORCiD
- INFN Sezione di Torino , Via P. Giuria 1, 10125 Torino, Italy; Dipartimento di Fisica—Universitá degli Studi di Torino , Via Pietro Giuria 1—10125 Torino, Italy
- V. Vitale
- ORCiD
- INFN Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata , Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
- V. Voitsekhovskyi
- ORCiD
- University of Geneva—Département de physique nucléaire et corpusculaire , 24 Quai Ernest Ansernet, 1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
- G. Voutsinas
- ORCiD
- University of Geneva—Département de physique nucléaire et corpusculaire , 24 Quai Ernest Ansernet, 1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
- I. Vovk
- ORCiD
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo , 5-1-5, Kashiwa-no-ha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
- T. Vuillaume
- ORCiD
- Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc , CNRS, Laboratoire d’Annecy de Physique des Particules—IN2P3, 74000 Annecy, France
- R. Walter
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy, University of Geneva , Chemin d’Ecogia 16, CH-1290 Versoix, Switzerland
- L. Wan
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo , 5-1-5, Kashiwa-no-ha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
- M. Will
- ORCiD
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik , Boltzmannstraße 8, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany
- J. Wójtowicz
- ORCiD
- Faculty of Physics and Applied Informatics, University of Lodz , ul. Pomorska 149-153, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
- T. Yamamoto
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, Konan University , 8-9-1 Okamoto, Higashinada-ku Kobe 658-8501, Japan
- R. Yamazaki
- ORCiD
- Department of Physical Sciences, Aoyama Gakuin University , Fuchinobe, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-5258, Japan
- Y. Yao
- Department of Physics, Tokai University , 4-1-1, Kita-Kaname, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 259-1292, Japan
- P. K. H. Yeung
- ORCiD
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo , 5-1-5, Kashiwa-no-ha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
- T. Yoshida
- ORCiD
- Faculty of Science, Ibaraki University , 2 Chome-1-1 Bunkyo, Mito, Ibaraki 310-0056, Japan
- T. Yoshikoshi
- ORCiD
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo , 5-1-5, Kashiwa-no-ha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
- W. Zhang
- ORCiD
- Institute of Space Sciences (ICE, CSIC), and Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC), and Institució Catalana de Recerca I Estudis Avançats (ICREA) , Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans, s/n 08193 Bellatera, Spain
- (The CTAO-LST Collaboration)
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ade4cf
- Journal volume & issue
-
Vol. 988,
no. 2
p. L42
Abstract
GRB 221009A is the brightest gamma-ray burst (GRB) observed to date. Extensive observations of its afterglow emission across the electromagnetic spectrum were performed, providing the first strong evidence of a jet with a nontrivial angular structure in a long GRB. We carried out an extensive observation campaign in very-high-energy (VHE) gamma rays with the first Large-Sized Telescope of the future Cherenkov Telescope Array Observatory starting on 2022 October 10, about 1 day after the burst. A dedicated analysis of the GRB 221009A data is performed to account for the different moonlight conditions under which data were recorded. We find an excess of gamma-like events with a statistical significance of 4.1 σ during the observations taken 1.33 days after the burst, followed by background-compatible results for the later days. The results are compared with various models of afterglows from structured jets that are consistent with the published multiwavelength data but entail significant quantitative and qualitative differences in the VHE emission after 1 day. We disfavor models that imply VHE flux at 1 day considerably above 10 ^−11 erg cm ^−2 s ^−1 . Our late-time VHE observations can help disentangle the degeneracy among the models and provide valuable new insight into the structure of GRB jets.
Keywords
