Fecal Metabolome and Bacterial Composition in Severe Obesity: Impact of Diet and Bariatric Surgery
Nuria Salazar,
Manuel Ponce-Alonso,
María Garriga,
Sergio Sanchez-Carrillo,
Ana María Hernández-Barranco,
Begoña Redruello,
María Fernández,
José Ignacio Botella-Carretero,
Belén Vega-Piñero,
Javier Galeano,
Javier Zamora,
Manuel Ferrer,
Clara G de Los Reyes-Gavilán,
Rosa Del Campo
Affiliations
Nuria Salazar
Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias (IPLA-CSIC), Villaviciosa & Diet, Microbiota and Health Group. Institute of Health Research of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
Manuel Ponce-Alonso
Department of Microbiology, Servicio de Microbiología. Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, & Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), & CIBERINFECT, Madrid, Spain
María Garriga
Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, & Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRyCIS), Madrid, Spain
Sergio Sanchez-Carrillo
Instituto de Catálisis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
Ana María Hernández-Barranco
Servicios Científico-Técnicos, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias (IPLA-CSIC), Villaviciosa, Spain
Begoña Redruello
Servicios Científico-Técnicos, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias (IPLA-CSIC), Villaviciosa, Spain
María Fernández
Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias (IPLA-CSIC), Villaviciosa & Molecular Microbiology Group, Institute of Health Research of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
José Ignacio Botella-Carretero
Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, & Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRyCIS), Madrid, Spain
Belén Vega-Piñero
Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, & Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRyCIS), Madrid, Spain
Javier Galeano
Grupo de Sistemas Complejos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Spain
Javier Zamora
Unidad de Bioestadística Clínica, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, & Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), & CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain & Women’s Health Research Unit. Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
Manuel Ferrer
Instituto de Catálisis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
Clara G de Los Reyes-Gavilán
Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias (IPLA-CSIC), Villaviciosa & Diet, Microbiota and Health Group. Institute of Health Research of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
Rosa Del Campo
Department of Microbiology, Servicio de Microbiología. Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, & Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), & CIBERINFECT, Madrid, Spain
The aim of this study was to monitor the impact of a preoperative low-calorie diet and bariatric surgery on the bacterial gut microbiota composition and functionality in severe obesity and to compare sleeve gastrectomy (SG) versus Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB). The study also aimed to incorporate big data analysis for the omics results and machine learning by a Lasso-based analysis to detect the potential markers for excess weight loss. Forty patients who underwent bariatric surgery were recruited (14 underwent SG, and 26 underwent RYGB). Each participant contributed 4 fecal samples (baseline, post-diet, 1 month after surgery and 3 months after surgery). The bacterial composition was determined by 16S rDNA massive sequencing using MiSeq (Illumina). Metabolic signatures associated to fecal concentrations of short-chain fatty acids, amino acids, biogenic amines, gamma-aminobutyric acid and ammonium were determined by gas and liquid chromatography. Orange 3 software was employed to correlate the variables, and a Lasso analysis was employed to predict the weight loss at the baseline samples. A correlation between Bacillota (formerly Firmicutes) abundance and excess weight was observed only for the highest body mass indexes. The low-calorie diet had little impact on composition and targeted metabolic activity. RYGB had a deeper impact on bacterial composition and putrefactive metabolism than SG, although the excess weight loss was comparable in the two groups. Significantly higher ammonium concentrations were detected in the feces of the RYGB group. We detected individual signatures of composition and functionality, rather than a gut microbiota characteristic of severe obesity, with opposing tendencies for almost all measured variables in the two surgical approaches. The gut microbiota of the baseline samples was not useful for predicting excess weight loss after the bariatric process.
