Loss and Natural Variations of Blast Fungal Avirulence Genes Breakdown Rice Resistance Genes in the Sichuan Basin of China

Zi-Jin Hu; Yan-Yan Huang; Xiao-Yu Lin; Hui Feng; Shi-Xin Zhou; Ying Xie; Xin-Xian Liu; Chen Liu; Ru-Meng Zhao; Wen-Sheng Zhao; Chuan-Hong Feng; Mei Pu; Yun-Peng Ji; Xiao-Hong Hu; Guo-Bang Li; Jing-Hao Zhao; Zhi-Xue Zhao; He Wang; Ji-Wei Zhang; Jing Fan; Yan Li; Yun-Liang Peng; Min He; De-Qiang Li; Fu Huang; You-Liang Peng; Wen-Ming Wang

doi:10.3389/fpls.2022.788876

Frontiers in Plant Science (Apr 2022)

Loss and Natural Variations of Blast Fungal Avirulence Genes Breakdown Rice Resistance Genes in the Sichuan Basin of China

Zi-Jin Hu,
Yan-Yan Huang,
Xiao-Yu Lin,
Hui Feng,
Shi-Xin Zhou,
Ying Xie,
Xin-Xian Liu,
Chen Liu,
Ru-Meng Zhao,
Wen-Sheng Zhao,
Chuan-Hong Feng,
Mei Pu,
Yun-Peng Ji,
Xiao-Hong Hu,
Guo-Bang Li,
Jing-Hao Zhao,
Zhi-Xue Zhao,
He Wang,
Ji-Wei Zhang,
Jing Fan,
Yan Li,
Yun-Liang Peng,
Min He,
De-Qiang Li,
Fu Huang,
You-Liang Peng,
Wen-Ming Wang

Affiliations

Zi-Jin Hu: State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
Yan-Yan Huang: State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
Xiao-Yu Lin: State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
Hui Feng: State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
Shi-Xin Zhou: State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
Ying Xie: State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
Xin-Xian Liu: State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
Chen Liu: State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
Ru-Meng Zhao: State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
Wen-Sheng Zhao: State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
Chuan-Hong Feng: Plant Protection Station, Department of Agriculture Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
Mei Pu: State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
Yun-Peng Ji: State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
Xiao-Hong Hu: State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
Guo-Bang Li: State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
Jing-Hao Zhao: State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
Zhi-Xue Zhao: State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
He Wang: State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
Ji-Wei Zhang: State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
Jing Fan: State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
Yan Li: State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
Yun-Liang Peng: Institute of Plant Protection, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
Min He: State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
De-Qiang Li: State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
Fu Huang: State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
You-Liang Peng: State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
Wen-Ming Wang: State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.788876
Journal volume & issue: Vol. 13

Abstract

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Magnaporthe oryzae is the causative agent of rice blast, a devastating disease in rice worldwide. Based on the gene-for-gene paradigm, resistance (R) proteins can recognize their cognate avirulence (AVR) effectors to activate effector-triggered immunity. AVR genes have been demonstrated to evolve rapidly, leading to breakdown of the cognate resistance genes. Therefore, understanding the variation of AVR genes is essential to the deployment of resistant cultivars harboring the cognate R genes. In this study, we analyzed the nucleotide sequence polymorphisms of eight known AVR genes, namely, AVR-Pita1, AVR-Pii, AVR-Pia, AVR-Pik, AVR-Pizt, AVR-Pi9, AVR-Pib, and AVR-Pi54 in a total of 383 isolates from 13 prefectures in the Sichuan Basin. We detected the presence of AVR-Pik, AVR-Pi54, AVR-Pizt, AVR-Pi9, and AVR-Pib in the isolates of all the prefectures, but not AVR-Pita1, AVR-Pii, and AVR-Pia in at least seven prefectures, indicating loss of the three AVRs. We also detected insertions of Pot3, Mg-SINE, and indels in AVR-Pib, solo-LTR of Inago2 in AVR-Pizt, and gene duplications in AVR-Pik. Consistently, the isolates that did not harboring AVR-Pia were virulent to IRBLa-A, the monogenic line containing Pia, and the isolates with variants of AVR-Pib and AVR-Pizt were virulent to IRBLb-B and IRBLzt-t, the monogenic lines harboring Pib and Piz-t, respectively, indicating breakdown of resistance by the loss and variations of the avirulence genes. Therefore, the use of blast resistance genes should be alarmed by the loss and nature variations of avirulence genes in the blast fungal population in the Sichuan Basin.

Published in Frontiers in Plant Science

ISSN: 1664-462X (Online)
Publisher: Frontiers Media S.A.
Country of publisher: Switzerland
LCC subjects: Agriculture: Plant culture
Website: https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/plant-science

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