Prevalence of Phantom Scanning in Cardiac Arrest and Trauma Resuscitations: The Scary Truth

Abstract

Background: The prevalence of phantom scanning, or point of care ultrasound (POCUS) performed without saving images, has not been well studied. Phantom scanning can negatively affect patient care, reduce billed revenue, and can increase medicolegal liability. We sought to quantify and compare the prevalence of phantom scanning among emergency department (ED) cardiac arrests and trauma resuscitations. Methods: This was a single center, retrospective cohort study from July 1, 2019, to July 1, 2021, of all occurrences of POCUS examination documented on the resuscitation run sheet during cardiac arrest and trauma resuscitations. Two investigators reviewed the run sheets to screen for POCUS documentation. Instances where documentation was present were matched with saved images in the picture archiving and communication system. Instances where documentation was present but no images could be located were considered phantom scans. A two-tailed student’s t test was utilized to compare the phantom scanning rate between cardiac arrest and trauma resuscitations. Results: A total of 1,862 patients were included in the study period, with 329 cardiac arrests and 401 trauma resuscitations having run sheet documentation of POCUS performance. The phantom scanning rate in cardiac arrests and trauma resuscitations was 70.5% (232/329) and 86.5% (347/401), respectively (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Phantom scanning is common in both cardiac arrests and trauma resuscitations in the ED at our institution, but is significantly higher in trauma resuscitations. Further research is needed to assess causes and develop potential solutions to reduce the high prevalence of phantom scanning.

Keywords

• phantom scanning
• Trauma
• cardiac arrest
• ultrasound workflow
• point of care ultrasound
• POCUS