Echocardiographic complications predictors in patients with acute myocardial infarction

Abstract

Background: morbidity and mortality related to cardiovascular diseases, and acute myocardial infarction in particular are a health problem. Objective: to determine the relationship between complications, clinical and echocardiographic variables in patients with acute myocardial infarction, assisted at Cardiovascular Surgery and Cardiology Center on "Saturnino Lora Torres" Hospital, in Santiago de Cuba from 2017 to 2021. Methods: an ambispective, analytical, case-control study of 255 patients assisted in the center and period of time previously defined. Divided into two groups, one of the cases who presented complications (85 patients) and the other for the control group (170), for a 1:2 ratio. Results: average age was 60 years in the cases and 57 years in the controls, >65 years behaved as a risk factor for complications. The most frequent complications were: myocardial infarction with extension to the right ventricle (24 %), cardiogenic shock (16 %), acute heart failure and paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (15 % of both). The use of thrombolytic therapy was a protective factor. Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), right ventricular systolic function (TDI RV) and mean pulmonary artery pressure showed statistically significant association with complications. No left atrial pressure was associated. Conclusions: age, left ventricular ejection fraction, mean pulmonary artery pressure and TDI RV were predictors of complications in acute myocardial infarction. Thrombolytic therapy is a protective factor.

Keywords

• infarto del miocardio
• síndrome coronario agudo
• ecocardiografía