Zhongguo quanke yixue (Feb 2025)
Meta-analysis of the Prevalence and Factors Affecting Enuresis in Chinese Children and Adolescents
Abstract
Background Enuresis is one of the common diseases in children and adolescents, and in recent years, enuresis has posed a great threat to the physical and mental health of children and adolescents, seriously affecting the quality of life of the affected children, and bringing a serious burden to the society and families. At present, there are still controversies about the influencing factors of enuresis in children and adolescents, and there are few relevant systematic evaluations at home and abroad. Objective To explore the prevalence and influencing factors of enuresis in children and adolescents in China using Meta-analysis. Methods Computer searches were conducted for relevant studies in the databases of CNKI, Wanfang Data, VIP, SinoMed, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library from the construction of the database to May 2024. Independent screening and cross-checking by 2 investigators, cross-sectional studies were assessed using the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, and Meta-analysis was performed using Stata 17.0 software. Results A total of 27 papers were included, including 243 530 children patients. The results showed that the prevalence of enuresis in Chinese children and adolescents was 6.1% (95%CI=5.1%-7.2%), of which, male (OR=1.52, 95%CI=1.41-1.64), family history of enuresis (OR=3.46, 95%CI=2.01-5.93), constipation (OR=2.32, 95%CI=1.59-3.40), history of urinary tract infections (OR=2.33, 95%CI=1.81-3.01), and sleep disorder (OR=2.01, 95%CI=1.10-3.67), urinary frequency (OR=1.90, 95%CI=1.43-2.52), urinary urgency (OR=1.67, 95%CI=1.31-2.12), and urinary incontinence (OR=4.85, 95%CI=2.78-8.45) were risk factors for enuresis in children and adolescents (P<0.05) ; urinary training (OR=0.11, 95%CI=0.02-0.46) was a protective factor for enuresis in children and adolescents (P<0.05) . Conclusion The prevalence of enuresis is high in Chinese children and adolescents, and that gender, family history of enuresis, constipation, history of urinary tract infection, voiding training, sleep disorders, urinary frequency, urinary urgency, and urinary incontinence are the main influencing factors of enuresis in children and adolescents. Therefore, in the future, early identification and intervention of enuresis in children and adolescents should be carried out, parents' attention to enuresis should be raised, and the popularisation of disease education should be done to reduce the prevalence of enuresis and improve the quality of life of the affected children and their families.
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