Emerging Zoonotic Viral Diseases in India: One Health Perspective

Abstract

Emerging zoonotic viral diseases pose significant public health challenges due to their high fatality rates, potential for widespread outbreaks, and profound socioeconomic impact. Human, animal, and environmental health interconnectedness highlights the need for a collaborative One Health (OH) approach to control and prevent these diseases. With its diverse ecosystems and rapid urbanization, India has witnessed several major zoonotic outbreaks over the past two decades, including Nipah virus, Kyasanur Forest Disease (KFD), H1N1 influenza, and the global COVID-19 pandemic. These outbreaks underscore the urgent need for integrated surveillance systems, early detection strategies, and sustainable interventions to mitigate future risks. Contributing factors such as deforestation, climate change, unregulated wildlife trade, and intensive farming practices exacerbate the spread of zoonotic diseases. This manuscript emphasizes the importance of a multidisciplinary OH approach, drawing on evidence-based strategies for disease surveillance, vaccination, vector control, and community engagement. By addressing these challenges through coordinated efforts, India can strengthen its preparedness and response to emerging zoonotic viral diseases while promoting public and ecological health.

Keywords

• zoonotic diseases
• one health
• nipah virus
• kyasanur forest disease
• surveillance
• india
• climate change