Clinical Outcomes of Indigenous Versus Non-Indigenous Patients: A Multicenter Retrospective Cohort Study in the Province of Quebec

Abstract

Introduction: Canadian Indigenous populations have a high incidence of poisoning; it has been suggested that care provided to the population living in remote areas is suboptimal. Our study aims to compare the continuum of care of poisoned people in Indigenous communities with those in non-Indigenous communities located in rural regions in the province of Québec. Methods: We conducted a multicenter retrospective cohort study using data from the Center Antipoison du Québec (CAPQ) over a 2-year period (2016-2017). We evaluated the care trajectory of Indigenous patients suffering of poisoning as compared to non-Indigenous patients living in rural areas. Our primary outcome was the duration of CAPQ involvement in case management. Our secondary outcome was the symptoms severity at the end of case management. Results: Among 491 identified poisoned patients (238 Indigenous/253 non-Indigenous), the duration of CAPQ involvement in case management was 9.4 h [2.9-21.3] for Indigenous patients versus 5.5 h [0.1-14.4] for non-Indigenous patients. No statistically significant difference was found between groups (geometric means ratio (GMR) adjusted = 1.08; [0.84; 1.38]). Results were consistent by age and sex groups. Most patients, in both Indigenous and non-Indigenous, showed mild to moderate symptoms at follow-up (59% vs 54%). One death was registered in each group. The CAPQ received a limited number of calls from the non-conventioned First Nations during the study period. Conclusions: We did not observe differences on the duration in case management. Perceptions of suboptimal care provided to rural Indigenous population are likely to be related to geographical remoteness rather than ethnicity. Further research is needed to better identify potential factors involved in the continuity of care provided in emergency situations. Another study will be carried out to describe the Indigenous realities and to better understand the results of this study.