Archivo Médico de Camagüey (Mar 2018)
Analysis of some nursing theories and their applicability in Cuba
Abstract
Background: modern nursing began in the mid-nineteenth century. One of the first official training programs for nurses was inaugurated in 1836 in Kaiserswerth, Germany, by Pastor Theodor Fliedner for the Protestant Dianonisas order. At that time in Europe, other religious orders were also offering nursing training in a regulated manner, but the school of Fliedner is worth mentioning for having being formed in it the reformer of the British nursing Florece Nightingale. Objective: to analyze the theories of nursing and their validity of application in Cuba. Methods: a bibliographic review was carried out using the method of bibliographic analysis through a search carried out between 1994 and 2017, where specialized databases were consulted and 28 scientific publications on the subject were selected. Development: the essence of nursing is care and its objects of study are: the trinomial individual-family-community. In practice, the scope of the professional work they perform in daily practice is not always appreciated. In most cases, nurses apply the theoretical references from their discipline, which reinforce individual care. Some elements of the theory have significantly influenced the training of nurses, such as the importance of health education, the observation of health problems, the maintenance of ethical behavior towards the patient, the need for the provision of services domiciliary, the realization of organizational activities, administration and scientific research for the development of science. Conclusions: the complexity of people’s care, groups and communities facing nursing imposes the need to integrate the approach of theories and their practice in order to consolidate their status of science and their contribution to public health in Cuba. However, there are still gaps in its application. DeCS:NURSING; NURSING THEORY; KNOWLEDGE BASES; NURSING PROCESS; REVIEW LITERATURE AS TOPIC.
