Influența portaltoiului asupra productivității și calității fructelor de cireș în sistem superintensiv

Abstract

Rootstock effects on the yield and quality of the sweet cherry fruits were studied in the pedoclimatic conditions of the central area of the Republic of Moldova in 2019–2020. The sweet cherry tree varieties Early Star, Samba and Black Star were grafted on the rootstock Gisela 6, trained according to the improved slender spindle crown form and planted at a density of 1250 trees/ha, while the tree varieties Kordia, Regina, Stella, Ferrovia and Skeena were grafted on the rootstock MaxMa 14, trained according to the naturally improved low volume crown system and planted at a distance of 5x3 m. Grass cover cropping technique was used for orchard floor management and drip irrigation was performed. The yield, diameter and mass of sweet cherries, soluble dry matter content and titratable acidity of fruits were determined. The variety/rootstock association significantly influenced the yield of the trees and the size of the fruits, the differences being statistically recorded. The largest fruit diameter, in average values, was recorded by the Black Star variety, grafted on the rootstock Gisela 6, and by the varieties Ferrovia, Kordia, Regina, Skeena and Stella grafted on the rootstock MaxMa 14 (27,3-28, 6 mm). A higher average soluble dry matter content (18.77-20.2 Brix%) and an increased titratable acidity (0.65-0.77 mg malic acid/100 g-1) were recorded by the varieties Ferrovia, Kordia, Regina, Skeena and Stella. Among the sweet cherry varieties grafted on the rootstock Gisela 6, the variety Samba was the most productive (16821 kg/ha), and among the varieties grafted on the rootstock MaxMa 14, the varieties Kordia and Regina recorded the highest fruit yield (19292-19314 kg/ha).

Keywords

• prunus avium
• variety
• rootstock
• yield
• fruit
• mass
• diameter