Experimental and Statistical Study of the Effect of Steel Fibers and Design Strength on the Variability in Repeated Impact Test Results

Abstract

The ACI 544-2R repeated impact test is known as a low-cost and simple qualitative test to evaluate the impact strength of concrete. However, the test’s main deficiency is the high variability in its results. The effect of steel fibers and the compressive strength of concrete on the variability in repeated impact test results was investigated experimentally and statically in this study. Two batches from four mixtures were prepared and tested for this purpose. Hooked-end steel fibers were utilized in the fibrous mixtures. The mixtures NC, NC-SF0.5 and NC-SF1.0 were normal strength mixtures with 0, 0.5 and 1.0% of steel fibers, respectively, while HC was a plain high-strength mixture. The impact tests were conducted using an automatic testing machine following the setup of the ACI 544-2R repeated impact test. The impact numbers at cracking (N1) and at failure (N2) were recorded for both batches of the four mixtures. The results were also analyzed using the normal probability and Weibull distribution tests. The test results showed that the fibers increased the impact results at the cracking stage and significantly increased the failure impact resistance. Adding 0.5 and 1.0% of steel fibers increased the N1 by up to 66 and 111%, respectively, and increased the N2 by 114 and 374%, respectively. The test results also showed that duplicating the design compressive strength from 40 to 80 MPa increased the impact resistance by up to approximately 190%. The test results revealed no clear trend of an effect of steel fibers and compressive strength on the variability in the test results.

Keywords

• ACI 544-2R
• repeated impact test
• steel fibers
• high-strength concrete
• normality test