BMC Oral Health (Dec 2021)

A cross-sectional study of relationships between periodontal disease and general health: The Hitachi Oral Healthcare Survey

  • Shinsuke Kataoka,
  • Mitsuo Kimura,
  • Tsuguno Yamaguchi,
  • Kenji Egashira,
  • Yu Yamamoto,
  • Yasushi Koike,
  • Yuki Ogawa,
  • Chika Fujiharu,
  • Toshiko Namai,
  • Kanako Taguchi,
  • Momoko Takahashi,
  • Asami Kameda,
  • Tomoka Kasen,
  • Asami Hano,
  • Konomi Kubota,
  • Masayuki Sato,
  • Hiroaki Yamaga,
  • Kaori Nohara,
  • Mikiko Shirasawa,
  • Chika Sekine,
  • Maki Fukuda,
  • Arisa Aoki,
  • Yurina Takeuchi,
  • Misaki Mugiyama,
  • Kenta Mori,
  • Keigo Sawada,
  • Yoichiro Kashiwagi,
  • Masahiro Kitamura,
  • Takeshi Hayashi,
  • Tohru Nakagawa,
  • Shinya Murakami

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-021-01990-6
Journal volume & issue
Vol. 21, no. 1
pp. 1 – 16

Abstract

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Abstract Background This cross-sectional study performed to clarify the relationship between periodontal disease and non-communicable diseases (NCDs), such as obesity, diabetes mellitus, impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) by introducing dental examinations into the annual health examinations conducted by Japanese companies, and to highlights the importance of a medical system that connects dental and medical professionals. Methods A total of 1.022 Hitachi Ltd. employees were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. We examined correlations and odds ratios (ORs) between the dental and overall health of employees using stratification and multiple logistic regression analyses based on the periodontal health indicators, general health indicators, and occlusal force. Results The adjusted OR of PPD for obesity (OR, 1.42; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.09–1.84; p = 0.009), IGT (OR, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.00–2.20; p = 0.049), and COPD (OR, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.02–1.88; p = 0.038) significantly differed. The adjusted OR of body mass index (OR, 1.28; 95% CI 1.15–1.42; p < 0.001), haemoglobin A1C (HbA1c) (OR, 4.34; 95% CI, 1.89–9.98; p < 0.001), fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels (OR, 1.08; 95% CI 1.04–1.11; p < 0.001), postbronchodilator forced expiratory volume in one second/forced vital capacity ratio (%FEV1) (OR, 0.95; 95% CI 0.91–1.00; p = 0.031) and smoking (OR, 2.32; 95% CI 1.62–3.33; p < 0.001) for severe periodontal disease also significantly differed. Occlusal force was significantly reduced in employees aged 50–59 years compared to those aged 40–49 years. Both PPD, HbA1c, FBG levels were significantly associated with occlusal force among employees with moderate/severe periodontitis. PPD was significantly associated with occlusal force among employees with and moderate COPD, and ASCVD. %FEV1 was significantly associated with occlusal force among employees with IGT. Conclusions This cross-sectional study revealed mutual relationships among periodontal disease, NCDs, and occlusal force on Japanese corporate workers. We demonstrated that a comprehensive, regional healthcare system centred on annual integrated dental and physical health examinations in the workplace will benefit employees and positively impact corporate health insurance.

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