Insights into association between urolithiasis and prostate cancer

Abstract

Background and objective: Urolithiasis or renal stones form a major urinary tract infection with formation of calcifications in the bladder and uterus. With the lifestyle diseases burgeoning, the renal stones have become a common cause with an approximate 1 in 1000 people affected all over the world with a risk ratio of 3 : 1 in men and women. On the other hand, prostate or genitourinary cancers are well documented to be associated with urolithiasis. Methods: A gene list was prepared from the published NCBI dataset, comprising all the genes related to urolithiasis primarily with mutations (both pathogenic and likely pathogenic Single nucleotide polymorphisms, SNP’s) for every particular gene screened later from the published datasets. To see the interactions among all the potential genetic factors, PPI based tools were used and an interaction map was prepared. For the characterization of mutations, we have used gnomAD for verifying all the SNPs whether they are synonymous or nonsynonymous mutations. Results: We outlined the list of genes and discussed the systems bioinformatics integrated approach associated with it. Conclusion: We found a large number of genes common to them and their association is subtly known for immunomodulatory response.

Keywords

• urolithiasis
• genitourinary cancer
• prostate cancer
• renal/kidney stones
• hyperuricemia
• calcium homeostasis