Simulation and modelling of heavy metals and water quality parameters in the river

Abstract

Abstract A one-dimensional qualitative model was created for this study’s modelling and phase transfer of the heavy metal dissolved in the river. The advection–diffusion equation considers the environmental variables temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, and electrical conductivity as influencing parameters on the change in the concentration of the dissolved phase of heavy metals lead, cadmium, and zinc in springtime and winter. Hec-Ras hydrodynamic model and Qual2kw qualitative model have been used to determine the hydrodynamic and environmental parameters in the created model. The approach of minimizing simulation errors and Vba coding was employed to identify the constant coefficients for these relations, and the linear relation incorporating all of the parameters is thought to be the final connection. In order to simulate and calculate the concentration of the heavy metals in the dissolved phase at each site, the kinetic coefficient of the reaction corresponding to that point should be employed because the kinetic coefficient of the reaction varies in different portions of the river. Additionally, if the above mentioned environmental parameters are used in the spring and winter term of advection–diffusion equations, the accuracy of the developed model significantly improves, and the effect of other qualitative parameters is negligible, indicating that the model is effective at simulating the dissolved phase of heavy metals in the river.