JACC: Case Reports (Apr 2020)

4-Dimensional Flow by Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Informs Surgical Planning in Partial Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return

  • Adam Christopher, MD,
  • Laura Olivieri, MD,
  • Russell Cross, MD,
  • Karthik Ramakrishnan, MD,
  • Yue-Hin Loke, MD

Journal volume & issue
Vol. 2, no. 4
pp. 672 – 677

Abstract

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Four-dimensional flow cardiac magnetic resonance enhances the visualization of blood flow in a 3-dimensional volume throughout the cardiac cycle, thus dramatically improving visualization of pulmonary venous anatomy by cardiac magnetic resonance. We demonstrate the impact of 4-dimensional flow on diagnosis and surgical planning for partial anomalous pulmonary venous return. (Level of Difficulty: Beginner.)

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