Сельскохозяйственные машины и технологии (Oct 2016)
EFFECT OF LIGHT SPECTRUM ON CROPS GROWTH
Abstract
Productivity increase is one of priority problems of an agrarian complex in Russia. In many regions of the country cultivation of the majority of vegetables in an open ground is complicated or it is impossible because of severe climatic conditions. Plan cultivation in greenhouses, special aeroponic installations, phytothrones partially solves this problem. Production of various cultures suitable for food or as sowing material requires a complex of conditions, namely: optimum temperature, humidity and such the most important factor as illumination. Small intensity or shortage of light of a certain wavelength influence negatively on a morphogenesis of the grown-up cultures. Red and blue optical spectrums with lengths of waves of 640-660 nanometers and 430-460 nanometers respectively are most effective for growth of plants. Red highlighting promotes a phase of germination of wheat and increases by 2.5 times an indicator of a 1st leaf emergence. Influence of red and blue light on productivity of potato mini-tubers is experimentally defined: LED lamps in the mode of 660+450 nanometers can replace power-intensive sodium ones because values of weight of potato tubers at different lighting were close, having made 176.1 and 183.6 g respectively. At Brassica chinensis cultivation LED lamps can replace expensive sodium ones too: protein content made 17.4 mg per g at LED illumination and 16.4 mg per g in case of sodium lamps, and a share of soluble sugars from the total amount of sugars equals 100 and 50 percent respectively. At the illumination level of 350-400 mcM per 1 sq. m and a 1 second lamps on the basis of red and blue light-emitting diodes on density of a stream of photons in general provide adequate conditions of lighting for cultivation of many crops.
