Solid State Hydrogen Storage in Alanates and Alanate-Based Compounds: A Review
Chiara Milanese,
Sebastiano Garroni,
Fabiana Gennari,
Amedeo Marini,
Thomas Klassen,
Martin Dornheim,
Claudio Pistidda
Affiliations
Chiara Milanese
Pavia Hydrogen Lab, C.S.G.I. & Chemistry Department, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli, 16, 27100 Pavia, Italy
Sebastiano Garroni
International Research Centre in Critical Raw Materials-ICCRAM, University of Burgos, 09001 Burgos, Spain
Fabiana Gennari
National Council of Scientific and Technological Research (CONICET), Bariloche Atomic Center (National Commission of Atomic Energy) and Balseiro Institute (University of Cuyo) Av. Bustillo 9500, San Carlos de Bariloche, Río Negro 8400, Argentina
Amedeo Marini
Pavia Hydrogen Lab, C.S.G.I. & Chemistry Department, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli, 16, 27100 Pavia, Italy
Thomas Klassen
Institute of Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Max-Planck-Straße 1, D-21502 Geesthacht, Germany
Martin Dornheim
Institute of Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Max-Planck-Straße 1, D-21502 Geesthacht, Germany
Claudio Pistidda
Institute of Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Max-Planck-Straße 1, D-21502 Geesthacht, Germany
The safest way to store hydrogen is in solid form, physically entrapped in molecular form in highly porous materials, or chemically bound in atomic form in hydrides. Among the different families of these compounds, alkaline and alkaline earth metals alumino-hydrides (alanates) have been regarded as promising storing media and have been extensively studied since 1997, when Bogdanovic and Schwickardi reported that Ti-doped sodium alanate could be reversibly dehydrogenated under moderate conditions. In this review, the preparative methods; the crystal structure; the physico-chemical and hydrogen absorption-desorption properties of the alanates of Li, Na, K, Ca, Mg, Y, Eu, and Sr; and of some of the most interesting multi-cation alanates will be summarized and discussed. The most promising alanate-based reactive hydride composite (RHC) systems developed in the last few years will also be described and commented on concerning their hydrogen absorption and desorption performance.
