Universe (May 2023)

Particles of Negative and Zero Energy in Black Holes and Cosmological Models

  • Andrey A. Grib,
  • Yuri V. Pavlov

DOI
https://doi.org/10.3390/universe9050217
Journal volume & issue
Vol. 9, no. 5
p. 217

Abstract

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Particles with negative energies are considered for three different cases: inside the horizon of a Schwarzschild black hole, Milne’s coordinates in flat Minkowski space–time (Milne’s universe using nonsynchronous coordinates) and in the cosmological Gödel model of the rotating universe. It is shown that, differently from the Gödel model with a nondiagonal term, where it occurs that negative energies are impossible, they are present in all other cases considered in the paper. Particles with zero energy are also possible in the first two cases.

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