Baseline risk factor prevalence among adolescents aged 15–17 years old: findings from National Non-communicable Disease Monitoring Survey (NNMS) of India
Sanjeev Kumar,
Anand Krishnan,
Baridalyne Nongkynrih,
K R Thankappan,
Prabu Rajkumar,
Suneela Garg,
Muralidhar Tambe,
Prashant Mathur,
Harshal Ramesh Salve,
Manoj Kumar Gupta,
Ritvik Amarchand,
Vaitheeswaran Kulothungan,
Neeti Rustagi,
Sravya Leburu,
Himanshu Kumar Chaturvedi,
Parasuraman Ganeshkumar,
Vinay Urs K S,
A Laxmaiah,
Manjit Boruah,
Binod Kumar Patro,
Pankaja Ravi Raghav,
P Sankara Sarma,
Rinku Sharma,
N Arlappa,
Tulika Goswami Mahanta,
Pranab Jyoti Bhuyan,
Rajnish P Joshi,
Abhijit Pakhare,
Abhiruchi Galhotra,
Binod Kumar Behera,
Roshan K Topno,
Atulkumar V Trivedi,
Sonia Gupta,
Sangita Chandrakant Shelke
Affiliations
Sanjeev Kumar
University of New South Wales School of Clinical Medicine, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
Anand Krishnan
1 Centre for Community Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
Baridalyne Nongkynrih
Centre for Community Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, Delhi, India
K R Thankappan
Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute of Medical Sciences and Technology, Trivandrum, Kerala
Prabu Rajkumar
4 National Institute of Epidemiology, Chennai, India
Suneela Garg
Department of Community Medicine, Maulana Azad Medical College and Associated Hospitals, New Delhi, Delhi, India
Muralidhar Tambe
Department of Community Medicine, B J Government Medical College, Pune, Maharashtra, India
Prashant Mathur
National Centre for Disease Informatics and Research, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
Harshal Ramesh Salve
Centre for Community Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, Delhi, India
Manoj Kumar Gupta
Department of Community Medicine and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Jodphur, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
Ritvik Amarchand
1 Centre for Community Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
Vaitheeswaran Kulothungan
National Centre for Disease Informatics and Research, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
Neeti Rustagi
Department of Community Medicine and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Jodphur, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
Sravya Leburu
National Centre for Disease Informatics and Research, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
Himanshu Kumar Chaturvedi
National Institute of Medical Statistics, New Delhi, Delhi, India
Parasuraman Ganeshkumar
ICMR - National Institute of Epidemiology, Chennai, India
Vinay Urs K S
National Centre for Disease Informatics and Research, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
A Laxmaiah
Division of Public Health Nutrition, National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
Manjit Boruah
Department of Community Medicine, Assam Medical College and Hospital, Dibrugarh, Assam, India
Binod Kumar Patro
Department of Community and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences—Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar, Orissa, India
Pankaja Ravi Raghav
Department of Community Medicine and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Jodphur, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
P Sankara Sarma
Achutha Menon Centre for Health Science Studies, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
Rinku Sharma
3 National Center for Vector-Borne Diseases Control (NCVBDC), Delhi, India
N Arlappa
Division of Public Health Nutrition, National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
Tulika Goswami Mahanta
Department of Community Medicine/Prevention and Social Medicine, Tezpur Medical College, Tezpur, Assam, India
Pranab Jyoti Bhuyan
Regional Director Office, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Guwahati, Assam, India
Rajnish P Joshi
Department of General Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences—Bhopal, Bhopal, India
Abhijit Pakhare
2Community and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Bhopal, Bhopal, India
Abhiruchi Galhotra
Department of Community and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences—Raipur, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India
Binod Kumar Behera
Department of Community and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences—Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar, Orissa, India
Roshan K Topno
Department of Epidemiology, Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Bihar, India
Atulkumar V Trivedi
Department of Community Medicine, Government Medical College Bhavnagar, Bhavnagar, Gujarat, India
Sonia Gupta
Centre for Non-communicable Diseases, National Centre for Disease Control, New Delhi, Delhi, India
Sangita Chandrakant Shelke
Department of Community Medicine, BJ Government Medical College and Sasoon General Hospitals, Pune, Maharashtra, India
Objective To generate national estimates of key non-communicable disease (NCD) risk factors for adolescents (15–17 years) identified in the National NCD Monitoring Framework and, study the knowledge, attitudes and practices towards NCD risk behaviours among school-going adolescents.Design and setting A community-based, national, cross-sectional survey conducted during 2017–2018. The survey was coordinated by the Indian Council of Medical Research—National Centre for Disease Informatics and Research with 10 reputed implementing research institutes/organisations across India in urban and rural areas.Participants A multistage sampling design was adopted covering ages between 15 and 69 years—adolescents (15–17 years) and adults (18–69 years). The sample included 12 000 households drawn from 600 primary sampling units. All available adolescents (15–17 years) from the selected households were included in the survey.Main outcome measures Key NCD risk factors for adolescents (15–17 years)—current tobacco and alcohol use, dietary behaviours, insufficient physical activity, overweight and obesity.Results Overall, 1402 households and 1531 adolescents completed the survey. Prevalence of current daily use of tobacco was 3.1% (95% CI: 2.0% to 4.7%), 25.2% (95% CI: 22.2% to 28.5%) adolescents showed insufficient levels of physical activity, 6.2% (95% CI: 4.9% to 7.9%) were overweight and 1.8% (95% CI: 1.0% to 2.9%) were obese. Two-thirds reported being imparted health education on NCD risk factors in their schools/colleges.Conclusion The survey provides baseline data on NCD-related key risk factors among 15–17 years in India. These national-level data fill information gaps for this age group and help assess India’s progress towards NCD targets set for 2025 comprehensively. Though the prevalence of select risk factors is much lower than in many developed countries, this study offers national evidence for revisiting and framing appropriate policies, strategies for prevention and control of NCDs in younger age groups.
