Innovative Ultrasound-Assisted Approaches towards Reduction of Heavy Metals and Iodine in Macroalgal Biomass
Estefanía Noriega-Fernández,
Izumi Sone,
Leire Astráin-Redín,
Leena Prabhu,
Morten Sivertsvik,
Ignacio Álvarez,
Guillermo Cebrián
Affiliations
Estefanía Noriega-Fernández
Department of Processing Technology, Nofima, NO-4021 Stavanger, Norway
Izumi Sone
Department of Processing Technology, Nofima, NO-4021 Stavanger, Norway
Leire Astráin-Redín
Departamento de Producción Animal y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón—IA2—(Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA), 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
Leena Prabhu
Department of Processing Technology, Nofima, NO-4021 Stavanger, Norway
Morten Sivertsvik
Department of Processing Technology, Nofima, NO-4021 Stavanger, Norway
Ignacio Álvarez
Departamento de Producción Animal y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón—IA2—(Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA), 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
Guillermo Cebrián
Departamento de Producción Animal y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón—IA2—(Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA), 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
The aim of this work was to evaluate the potential of ultrasound (US), alone or in combination with mild heating and/or EDTA towards reduction of As, Cd, I, and Hg content of Laminaria hyperborea. Concentrations of As, Cd, I, and Hg of 56.29, 0.596, 7340, and −1 of dry weight, respectively, were found in L. hyperborea blades. Treatment with US at 50 °C increased approx. 2-fold the amount of As released, although did not affect significantly the content of Cd or I, as compared to control (no US) samples. Reducing the temperature to 8 °C significantly decreased the effect of US, but heating at 80 °C did not cause a significant effect as compared to treatments at 50 °C. On the other hand, treatment with 0.1 N EDTA at 50 °C enhanced the percentage of Cd released by approximately 7-fold, regardless of sonication. In the present work, the combination of US and EDTA at 50 °C for 5 min led to a significant reduction of the As (32%), Cd (52%) and I (31%) content in L. hyperborea, thus improving the product’s safety for consumers.
