Concurrent Infection of Skunk Adenovirus-1, <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i>, and a Regionally Specific Clade of Canine Distemper Virus in One Gray Fox (<i>Urocyon cinereoargenteus</i>) and Concurrent Listeriosis and Canine Distemper in a Second Gray Fox
David B. Needle,
Jacqueline L. Marr,
Cooper J. Park,
Cheryl P. Andam,
Annabel G. Wise,
Roger K. Maes,
Rebecca P. Wilkes,
Eman A. Anis,
Inga F. Sidor,
Dalen Agnew,
Julie C. Ellis,
Patrick Tate,
Abigail Mathewson,
Christopher Benton,
Robert Gibson
Affiliations
David B. Needle
New Hampshire Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA
Jacqueline L. Marr
Animal Health Diagnostic Center, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
Cooper J. Park
College of Life Sciences and Agriculture, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA
Cheryl P. Andam
College of Life Sciences and Agriculture, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA
Annabel G. Wise
Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
Roger K. Maes
Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
Rebecca P. Wilkes
Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
Eman A. Anis
Pennsylvania Animal Diagnostic Laboratory System, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
Inga F. Sidor
New Hampshire Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA
Dalen Agnew
Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
Julie C. Ellis
Northeast Wildlife Disease Cooperative, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
Patrick Tate
New Hampshire Fish and Game, Concord, NH 03301, USA
Abigail Mathewson
Division of Public Health Services, New Hampshire Department of Health and Human Services, Concord, NH 03301, USA
Christopher Benton
Division of Public Health Services, New Hampshire Department of Health and Human Services, Concord, NH 03301, USA
Robert Gibson
New Hampshire Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA
One free-ranging Gray fox (Urocyon cinereoargenteus) underwent autopsy following neurologic disease, with findings including morbilliviral inclusions and associated lesions in numerous tissues, adenoviral intranuclear inclusions in bronchial epithelial cells, and septic pleuropneumonia, hepatitis, splenitis, and meningoencephalitis. Molecular diagnostics on fresh lung identified a strain within a distinct clade of canine distemper that is currently unique to wildlife in New England, as well as the emerging multi-host viral pathogen skunk adenovirus-1. Bacterial culture of fresh liver resulted in a pure growth of Listeria monocytogenes, with whole genome sequencing indicating that the isolate had a vast array of antimicrobial resistance and virulence-associated genes. One year later, a second fox was euthanized for inappropriate behavior in a residential area, and diagnostic workup revealed canine distemper and septic L. monocytogenes, with the former closely related to the distemper virus found in the previous fox and the latter divergent from the L. monocytogenes from the previous fox.
