Evaluation of amniotic fluid treatment effect on placental stem cells immunomodulatory activity

Abstract

The advent of stem cell therapy in treating various complex diseases has become a major breakthrough in clinics. Mesenchymal stem cells are well known for their pluripotency and their immunomodulation feature, therefore research on mesenchymal stem cells is widely acknowledged. Obtaining viable stem cells with a less invasive extraction method as well as ethical issues is a major challenge in stem cell research. Recently, human placental stem cells are becoming more known as the best source of stem cells due to their ease of extraction, lesser ethical constraints, and presence of mesenchymal stem cells. Naturally derived bioactive compounds to modulate the proliferation, regeneration, cell fate and immunomodulation feature of stem cells are under investigation. In the current in-vitro study, the placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells were treated with amniotic fluid and were observed for their effects. Our results suggest amniotic fluid treatment enhanced proliferation and induced mesenchymal to the epithelial transition of stem cells. Further, we observed changes in the secretion pattern of cytokines as well as growth factors, which are involved in T-cell suppression. Notable, the of TGFβ (17.4 ± 2.3 ng/ml) and IL-10 (21.7 ± 1.9 pg/ml) with the increase in the concentration of AF whereas the TNFα (8.6 ± 2.1 pg/ml) and IL-6 (12.3 ± 1.6 pg/ml) showed a decline in expression cytokine.Our results suggest amniotic fluid treatment can induce host cell immune suppression; however further validation studies have to be carried out.

Keywords

• Amniotic fluid
• Epithelial differentiation
• Human placental stem cell
• Immunomodulation feature