PLoS ONE (Jan 2021)

Drug resistance phenotypes and genotypes in Mexico in representative gram-negative species: Results from the infivar network.

  • Elvira Garza-González,
  • Paola Bocanegra-Ibarias,
  • Miriam Bobadilla-Del-Valle,
  • Luis Alfredo Ponce-de-León-Garduño,
  • Verónica Esteban-Kenel,
  • Jesus Silva-Sánchez,
  • Ulises Garza-Ramos,
  • Humberto Barrios-Camacho,
  • Luis Esaú López-Jácome,
  • Claudia A Colin-Castro,
  • Rafael Franco-Cendejas,
  • Samantha Flores-Treviño,
  • Rayo Morfín-Otero,
  • Fabian Rojas-Larios,
  • Juan Pablo Mena-Ramírez,
  • María Guadalupe Fong-Camargo,
  • Cecilia Teresita Morales-De-la-Peña,
  • Lourdes García-Mendoza,
  • Elena Victoria Choy-Chang,
  • Laura Karina Aviles-Benitez,
  • José Manuel Feliciano-Guzmán,
  • Eduardo López-Gutiérrez,
  • Mariana Gil-Veloz,
  • Juan Manuel Barajas-Magallón,
  • Efren Aguirre-Burciaga,
  • Laura Isabel López-Moreno,
  • Rebeca Thelma Martínez-Villarreal,
  • Jorge Luis Canizales-Oviedo,
  • Carlos Miguel Cetina-Umaña,
  • Daniel Romero-Romero,
  • Fidencio David Bello-Pazos,
  • Nicolás Rogelio Eric Barlandas-Rendón,
  • Joyarib Yanelli Maldonado-Anicacio,
  • Enrique Bolado-Martínez,
  • Mario Galindo-Méndez,
  • Talia Perez-Vicelis,
  • Norma Alavez-Ramírez,
  • Braulio J Méndez-Sotelo,
  • Juan Francisco Cabriales-Zavala,
  • Yirla Citlali Nava-Pacheco,
  • Martha Irene Moreno-Méndez,
  • Ricardo García-Romo,
  • Aldo Rafael Silva-Gamiño,
  • Ana María Avalos-Aguilera,
  • María Asunción Santiago-Calderón,
  • Maribel López-García,
  • María Del Consuelo Velázquez-Acosta,
  • Dulce Isabel Cobos-Canul,
  • María Del Rosario Vázquez-Larios,
  • Ana Elizabeth Ortiz-Porcayo,
  • Arely Elizabeth Guerrero-Núñez,
  • Jazmín Valero-Guzmán,
  • Alina Aracely Rosales-García,
  • Heidy Leticia Ostos-Cantú,
  • Adrián Camacho-Ortiz

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0248614
Journal volume & issue
Vol. 16, no. 3
p. e0248614

Abstract

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AimThis report presents phenotypic and genetic data on the prevalence and characteristics of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) and representative carbapenemases-producing Gram-negative species in Mexico.Material and methodsA total of 52 centers participated, 43 hospital-based laboratories and 9 external laboratories. The distribution of antimicrobial resistance data for Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter cloacae complex, Acinetobacter baumannii complex, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in selected clinical specimens from January 1 to March 31, 2020 was analyzed using the WHONET 5.6 platform. The following clinical isolates recovered from selected specimens were included: carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae, ESBL or carbapenem-resistant E. coli, and K. pneumoniae, carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii complex, and P. aeruginosa. Strains were genotyped to detect ESBL and/or carbapenemase-encoding genes.ResultsAmong blood isolates, A. baumannii complex showed more than 68% resistance for all antibiotics tested, and among Enterobacteria, E. cloacae complex showed higher resistance to carbapenems. A. baumannii complex showed a higher resistance pattern for respiratory specimens, with only amikacin having a resistance lower than 70%. Among K. pneumoniae isolates, blaTEM, blaSHV, and blaCTX were detected in 68.79%, 72.3%, and 91.9% of isolates, respectively. Among E. coli isolates, blaTEM, blaSHV, and blaCTX were detected in 20.8%, 4.53%, and 85.7% isolates, respectively. For both species, the most frequent genotype was blaCTX-M-15. Among Enterobacteriaceae, the most frequently detected carbapenemase-encoding gene was blaNDM-1 (81.5%), followed by blaOXA-232 (14.8%) and blaoxa-181(7.4%), in A. baumannii was blaOXA-24 (76%) and in P. aeruginosa, was blaIMP (25.3%), followed by blaGES and blaVIM (13.1% each).ConclusionOur study reports that NDM-1 is the most frequent carbapenemase-encoding gene in Mexico in Enterobacteriaceae with the circulation of the oxacillinase genes 181 and 232. KPC, in contrast to other countries in Latin America and the USA, is a rare occurrence. Additionally, a high circulation of ESBL blaCTX-M-15 exists in both E. coli and K. pneumoniae.