Suture Button versus Syndesmotic Screw for Syndesmotic Injuries

Abstract

Category: Trauma Introduction/Purpose: Syndesmotic injuries are a common athletic injury and involved in approximately 13% of ankle fractures. Screw fixation (SS) has been the most common fixation treatment for syndesmotic injury, however syndesmosis malreduction has been reported to occur up to more than 50% in syndesmotic screw fixation. Recently, suture-button fixation (SB) technique has been developed to restore anatomic function of the syndesmosis, with potential advantages of allowing physiological movement of syndesmosis, anatomic healing, avoidance of implant removal and earlier rehabilitation. However, optimal surgical treatment is still controversial to date. The purpose of this study was to compare the clinical outcomes of SB and SS fixation techniques for syndesmotic injuries with a meta-analysis of the clinical studies comparing SB and SS fixation for syndesmosis injuries. Methods: The literature search was performed according to the PRISMA guidelines to identify cohort studies comparing SB and SS fixation for syndesmosis injuries. The level of evidence (LOE) was assessed based on the criteria by the Oxford-Centre for Evidence Based Medicine. Statistical analysis was performed using RevMan, and a p-value of < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Results: Ten clinical studies were identified comparing 222 patients with SB to 235 patients with SS fixation. Patients treated with SB had a higher postoperative AOFAS score at a mean of 17.2 months (90.9 vs 87.3, p = 0.002). SB resulted in a lower rate of implant failure (0.0% vs 27.1%, p < 0.0001), implant removal failure (4.0% vs 37.5%, p < 0.0001), and joint malreduction (0.8% vs 10.7%, p = 0.009). However, there was no significant difference in the rate of other complications with SB (4.2% vs 8.6%, p = 0.21). Conclusion: SB fixation results in improved functional outcomes, lower rates of implant failure, and joint malreduction. Based on the findings of this meta-analysis SB appears to be favorable to SS for treating syndesmotic injuries.