Determining the Energy Sources of the Electric Vehicles Charging Station According to Economic Factors

Abstract

Objective: Owing to the increasing environmental concerns, the replacement of fuel-based vehicles with electric vehicles and the use of renewable energy in the transportation industry is attracting much attention. The charging station is indispensable for widespread use of electric vehicle, so the design of charging stations with the integration of renewable energy, energy storage systems and grid energy is imperative. Methods: The present study proposes that a Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) model which is designed to obtain the optimal size of the photovoltaic and battery storage system, in which all investment costs and operational costs are optimized for a time horizon. In this model, the simultaneous purchasing and selling of power can't happen and incomes and costs are calculated based on economic factors. The data from the public charging station in the Netherlands is employed in this study. The optimal size of the photovoltaic and battery storage systems, the optimal purchasing and selling energy of power grid at any moment are determined based on three defined scenarios according to different policies. Results: The results showed that each scenario is economically sound under different conditions. Conclusion: Mixture of renewable energies and storage systems can obtain the best cost-efficient solution and the utilization of those energies in charging stations of electric vehicle would reduce the impact on the electrical grid.

Keywords

• Electric vehicle
• Optimization
• Batteries
• Photovoltaic systems
• Economic factors