Systemics, Communication and Knowledge: Shifts of Perspective and the Need for Requirements in Second-Order Science

Abstract

The systemic view of second-order science emphasizes the interaction of observer and observed, but tacitly assumes a single observer, or at least a unity of observer perspective. But experience in multiple domains, including software engineering, decision science, health sciences, co-creation and Living Labs, knowledge management, community development and government policy has emphasized the multiplicity of goals and perspectives across stakeholders. We look at the issues that arise when multiple views are incorporated, and propose a toolkit for addressing those issues.

Keywords

• knowledge management
• second-order science
• requirements
• Communication
• Systemics