Hydrogen energy storage is an important support for promoting global green low-carbon transformation and realizing “carbon neutrality” goal. After the “double carbon” goal was put forward, hydrogen energy storage has become a hot topic of social concern. The safety of hydrogen energy storage is one of the problems that must be focused on and solved first. Safety problems in four stages of hydrogen production, hydrogen storage, hydrogen transport and hydrogen use were summarized and analyzed, including hydrogen leakage and diffusion, hydrogen combustion and explosion, compatibility of hydrogen with metals. At the same time, the current status and development of hydrogen leakage detection sensor technologies were analyzed, and the urgent problems and future development directions of hydrogen leakage detection technologies were pointed out.
