Determination of Parabens and Phenolic Compounds in Dairy Products through the Use of a Two-Step Continuous SPE System Including an Enhanced Matrix Removal Sorbent in Combination with UHPLC−MS/MS

Abstract

Dairy products can be contaminated by parabens and phenolic compounds from a vast variety of sources, such as packaging and manufacturing processes, or livestock through feed and environmental water. A two-step continuous solid-phase extraction (SPE) and purification methodology was developed here for the determination of both types of compounds. In the first step, a sample extract is passed in sequence through an EMR-lipid sorbent and an Oasis PRiME HBL sorbent to remove fat and preconcentrate the analytes for subsequent detection and quantification by UHPLC−MS/MS. This method enabled the determination of 28 parabens and phenolic contaminant with excellent recovery (91–105%) thanks to the SPE sorbent combination used. The proposed method was validated through the determination of the target compounds, and was found to provide low detection limits (1–20 ng/kg) with only slight matrix effects (0–10%). It was used to analyse 32 different samples of dairy products with different packaging materials. Bisphenol A and bisphenol Z were the two phenolic compounds quantified in the largest number of samples, at concentrations over the range of 24–580 ng/kg, which did not exceed the limit set by European regulations. On the other hand, ethylparaben was the paraben found at the highest levels (33–470 ng/kg).

Keywords

• phenolic compounds
• parabens
• dairy products
• continuous solid-phase extraction
• EMR-lipid sorbent
• UHPLC−MS/MS