Detailed and high-throughput measurement of composition dependence of magnetoresistance and spin–transfer torque using a composition-gradient film: application to CoxFe1-x (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) system

Abstract

ABSTRACTWe develop a high-throughput method for measuring the composition dependence of magnetoresistance (MR) and spin-transfer-torque (STT) effects in current-perpendicular-to-plane giant magnetoresistance (CPP-GMR) devices and report its application to the CoFe system. The method is based on the use of composition-gradient films deposited by combinatorial sputtering. This structure allows the fabrication of devices with different compositions on a single substrate, drastically enhancing the throughput in investigating composition dependence. We fabricated CPP-GMR devices on a single GMR film consisting of a CoxFe1-x (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) composition-gradient layer, a Cu spacer layer, and a NiFe layer. The MR ratio obtained from resistance-field measurements exhibited the maximum in the broad Co concentration range of 0.3 ≤ x ≤ 0.65. In addition, the STT efficiency was estimated from the current to induce magnetization reversal of the NiFe layer by spin injection from the CoxFe1-x layer. The STT efficiency was also the highest around the same Co concentration range as for the MR ratio, and this correlation was theoretically explained by the change in the spin polarization of the CoxFe1-x layer. The results revealed the CoxFe1-x composition range suitable for spintronic applications, demonstrating the advantages of the developed method.

Keywords

• High-throughput measurement
• combinatorial sputtering
• composition-gradient film
• giant magnetoresistance
• spin–transfer torque
• composition dependence