Financial instruments of green transition

Abstract

Green transition creates change not only for the real economy, but also for widely perceived finance, exposing them both to risks and opportunities. This is of fundamental significance for enterprises and financial institutions, which need to adapt. Risk increases in areas subjected to regulatory and market pressure, forcing changes in market strategies or production methods. Regulations may present opportunities as well, and those may include clean technologies, in particular technologies aiming to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, the development of renewable energy sources, a digital revolution on the energy market, and introducing new elements into the financial market. Taking these trends into account is essential to economic success. Underestimating the progressing climate change, and the intensive human activity, has made climate protection and the need to transform the economy a priority. Consequently, the implementation of green transition requires appropriate funds for the financing of green projects. Considering the above trends in the global economy, the authors strive to present the financial instruments available for supporting the development of green transition, taking into consideration, in particular, the power market. Hence, they discuss the financial instruments used for energy transition and the fight against climate change. The authors point to the importance of green finance, which as an element of the financial system, takes over the responsibility for providing the funds and tools both for financing climate goals, and for effective risk management by the entities involved in this process.

Keywords

• green transition
• climate neutrality
• green finance
• power sector
• financial instruments
• risk
• management
• res