Therapeutic Advances in Chronic Disease (Nov 2024)

Visceral adiposity as a predictor of new-onset diabetes in patients with primary aldosteronism: a cohort study

  • Wen-Kai Chu,
  • Leay Kiaw Er,
  • Chin-Chen Chang,
  • Jin-Ying Lu,
  • Wan-Chen Wu,
  • Yao-Chou Tsai,
  • Yen-Hung Lin,
  • Vin-Cent Wu

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1177/20406223241301892
Journal volume & issue
Vol. 15

Abstract

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Background: Patients with primary aldosteronism (PA) exhibit a high prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM). However, the relationship between visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and new-onset diabetes mellitus (NODM) in PA patients remains unclear. Objectives: To explore the association between VAT and the risk of NODM in PA patients. Design: This is a prospective cohort study spanning 10 years (2010–2020). Methods: A total of 342 PA patients were enrolled prospectively. Abdominal adiposity indexes, including VAT area, VAT ratio, subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) area, and SAT ratio, were measured using a computed tomography-based software at diagnosis. Results: Of 342 PA patients (46.2% male, mean age 50.8 ± 11.2 years), 35 (10.2%) developed NODM over a mean follow-up of 7.4 years. A positive nonlinear association between NODM risk and Log (VAT ratio) ⩾ −0.72 was observed (high-VAT group). High VAT (odds ratio (OR), 6.09; p = 0.005), older age (OR, 1.09; p < 0.001), higher body mass index (OR, 1.24; p < 0.001), higher waist-to-hip ratio (OR, 1.11, p < 0.001), lower baseline aldosterone (OR, 0.99, p = 0.011), higher diastolic blood pressure (OR, 1.05, p = 0.012), and lower systolic blood pressure (OR, 0.98, p = 0.045) as risk factors for high VAT. Adrenalectomy did not significantly associate with reduced NODM risk (OR, 0.49; p = 0.292). Conclusion: Our findings highlight that 10.2% of PA patients develop NODM over a mean follow-up of 7.4 years, with high VAT increasing the risk. Baseline VAT is a key determinant of NODM development in PA patients, regardless of targeted treatments.