Rural and urban disparities in cardiovascular disease-related mortality in the USA over 20 years; have the trends been reversed by COVID-19?

• Saisunder S. Chaganty,
• Dmitry Abramov,
• Harriette G.C. Van Spall,
• Renee P. Bullock-Palmer,
• Vassilios Vassiliou,
• Phyo Kyaw Myint,
• Vijay Bang,
• Ofer Kobo,
• Mamas A. Mamas

Affiliations

Saisunder S. Chaganty

Keele Cardiovascular Research Group, Centre for Prognosis Research, Keele University, Stoke- on-Trent, UK

Dmitry Abramov

International Heart Institute, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA

Harriette G.C. Van Spall

Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada

Renee P. Bullock-Palmer

Department of Cardiology, Deborah Heart and Lung Center, Browns Mills, NJ, USA

Vassilios Vassiliou

Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, 2.06 Bob Champion Research and Education Building, And Norfolk and Norwich Hospital, NR4 7TJ, UK

Phyo Kyaw Myint

Aberdeen Cardiovascular and Diabetes Centre, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences & Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland, UK

Vijay Bang

Oriion Citicare Hospital, Aurangabad, India

Ofer Kobo

Keele Cardiovascular Research Group, Centre for Prognosis Research, Keele University, Stoke- on-Trent, UK; Department of Cardiology, Hillel Yaffe Medical Center, Hadera, Israel

Mamas A. Mamas

Keele Cardiovascular Research Group, Centre for Prognosis Research, Keele University, Stoke- on-Trent, UK; Corresponding author. Keele Cardiovascular Research Group, Centre for Prognosis Research, Keele University, Stoke-on-Trent, UK.