Do noise stress impact to addiction?

Abstract

Numerous studies have illustrated the impact of stress on addiction, its development, relapse vulnerability, and the dopamine mechanism. However, various studies on noise exposures as a stressor had been done, which could alter the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis. Noise exposure harmful effect and changes in the individual's health was at least consideration and were less noticed. This review elucidates the facts and consequences of noise exposure toward mesolimbic dopamine circuitry perceptible in addiction. Further, this review generates greater attention and awareness among people toward noise exposure influence on addiction and its relation with dopamine. The noise stress may act as a synergistic influence or augments effect on dopamine level in the synapse of an addicted or initial stage of addicted individual through the corticosterone through HPA axis. The combined effects of multiple stressors (physical, chemical, biological, social and mental etc.) have greater impact than simply the individual stressors. The elevated corticosterone level in noise exposure in turn inhibits the transporter involved in dopamine uptake and further enhance the dopamine level within the synapse of reward circuit may enhance the vulnerability of relapse in addiction. The significance of noise exposure as a stress and other mild stressors influence effect on addiction and psychiatric disorders need to be focused. Strict law-making measures need to be enforced to control and prevent the individual and combined effect of noise stress with other stressors on health.

Keywords

• Addiction
• corticosterone
• dopamine
• noise exposure