Effect of Air Pollutants and Meteorological Factors on Daily Outpatient Visits of Allergic Rhinitis in Hohhot, China

Abstract

Xue Wang,1,* Chenghua Gao,2,* Yuan Xia,1 Xiaoqian Xu,1 Lehui Li,1 Yan Liu,1 Xing Yao,3 Ning Cao,1 Zichao Li,1 Xin Fang1 1Public Health College, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, People’s Republic of China; 2School of Public Health and Emergency Management, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, People’s Republic of China; 3Infection Control Department, Inner Mongolia People’s Hospital, Hohhot, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Xin Fang, Public Health College, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, People’s Republic of China, Tel [phone], Email [email protected]: There is limited evidence that atmospheric pollutants are associated with the number of allergic rhinitis (AR) visits. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between atmospheric pollutants and meteorological factors and the number of daily visits for AR in Hohhot City, providing a theoretical basis for further research on the effects of atmospheric pollutants on AR.Methods: Microsoft Excel 2016 was used to collect and organize the AR outpatient consultation data, air pollution and meteorological data in Hohhot City during 2018– 2020, and the data were descriptively analyzed and Spearman correlation test was performed using SPSS22.0; A generalized additive model was built in R4.2.3 to analyze the effect of air pollution on the number of AR visits and its lagged and cumulative effects, while the robustness of the model was tested using a two-pollutant analysis. Finally, we analyzed the effects of the interaction of temperature, relative humidity and pollutants on the number of AR visits.Results: The daily average concentrations of PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NO2, CO, and O3 in Hohhot during 2018– 2020 were 38.1 μg/m3, 83.3 μg/m3, 36.1 μg/m3, 15.1 μg/m3, 14.2 mg/m3, and 99.95 μg/m3, respectively, with the concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10 exceeding the secondary limit of the national standard. The results of the generalized additive model analysis showed that the RR and 95% CI of the effect of each 10 μg/m3 increase in pollutant concentration (1 mg/m3 increase in CO) on the number of AR outpatient clinics were 1.008 (1.001– 1.016), 1.002 (1– 1.005), 1.072 (1.033– 1.113), 1.020 (1007– 1.034), 1.033 (1.014– 1.052), 0.987 (0.9804– 0.9936).Conclusion: Short-term exposure to PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NO2, and CO was significantly associated with an increase in AR clinic visits, and short-term exposure to O3 was significantly associated with a decrease in allergic rhinitis clinic visits.Keywords: allergic rhinitis, air pollutants, time series study, interaction effect

Keywords

• allergic rhinitis
• air pollutants
• time series study
• interaction effect