The transformation of the traditional nature management of the turkic-mongolian peoples in the basin of the Selenga river

Abstract

The article is devoted to the characterization of the situation with the transformation of the traditional life support systems among the Turkic-Mongolian ethnic groups that developed in the Selenga River basin in the last century. The main feature of the economy of the indigenous population was a direct connection with nature and its biological resources. The author examines the main transformational processes that unfolded during this period in the structure of the traditional nature management of the peoples inhabiting the steppe landscapes of the region. The present study examines the problems and features of the adaptation of ethnic groups to natural conditions, the knowledge and skills of rational nature management among the peoples of the region under consideration. The pastoral model of the past reflects the predominantly adaptive nature of nature management as a result of long-term adaptation to natural and socio-economic conditions. Important sources of livelihood for the nomads were nomadic animal husbandry and agriculture due to established traditions and natural and climatic conditions. Fishing, hunting and forest management, related to side trades, in essence, also provided the vital needs of a person, since they provided food and medicinal raw materials to nomads. The article shows in detail the widespread use of natural resources in the northern and southern parts of the Selenga basin by representatives of the Turkic and Mongolian peoples living in this area. In view of the objective dependence on environmental conditions, man sought to maintain a fragile ecological balance between himself and nature.

Keywords

• transformation of traditional nature management
• nomadic lifestyle
• selenga
• mongolian and turkic peoples
• animal husbandry
• agriculture
• forest management
• industry
• hunting
• traditional spiritual culture
• xx century