BMJ Global Health (Jan 2021)

A systematic approach to context-mapping to prepare for health interventions: development and validation of the SETTING-tool in four countries

  • Bruce Kirenga,
  • Niels H Chavannes,
  • Patrick Musinguzi,
  • Evelyn A Brakema,
  • Rianne MJJ van der Kleij,
  • Charlotte C Poot,
  • Simon Walusimbi,
  • Pham Le An,
  • Matty R Crone,
  • Ria R Reis,
  • Marilena Anastasaki,
  • Azamat Akylbekov,
  • Antonios Bertsias,
  • Pham Duong Uyen Binh,
  • Job FM van Boven,
  • Dennis Burges,
  • Lucy Cartwright,
  • Vasiliki E Chatzea,
  • Liza Cragg,
  • Tran Ngoc Dang,
  • Ilyas Dautov,
  • Irene Ferarrio,
  • Frederik A van Gemert,
  • Ben Hedrick,
  • Le Huynh Thi Cam Hong,
  • Nick Hopkinson,
  • Elvira Isaeva,
  • Sanne van Kampen,
  • Rianne MJJ van der Kleij,
  • Le Thi Tuyet Lan,
  • Tran Thanh Duv Linh,
  • Kim Xuan Loan,
  • Maamed Mademilov,
  • Andy McEwen,
  • Jillian Pooler,
  • Pippa Powell,
  • Nguyen Nhat Quynh,
  • Dimitra Sifaki-Pistolla,
  • Jaime Correia de Sousa,
  • James Stout,
  • Marianne Stubbe Østergaard,
  • Aizhamal Tabyshova,
  • Tran Diep Tuan,
  • James Tumwine,
  • Le Thanh Van,
  • Nguyen Nhu Vinh,
  • Louise Warren

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2020-003221
Journal volume & issue
Vol. 6, no. 1

Abstract

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Effectiveness of health interventions can be substantially impaired by implementation failure. Context-driven implementation strategies are critical for successful implementation. However, there is no practical, evidence-based guidance on how to map the context in order to design context-driven strategies. Therefore, this practice paper describes the development and validation of a systematic context-mapping tool. The tool was cocreated with local end-users through a multistage approach. As proof of concept, the tool was used to map beliefs and behaviour related to chronic respiratory disease within the FRESH AIR project in Uganda, Kyrgyzstan, Vietnam and Greece. Feasibility and acceptability were evaluated using the modified Conceptual Framework for Implementation Fidelity. Effectiveness was assessed by the degree to which context-driven adjustments were made to implementation strategies of FRESH AIR health interventions. The resulting Setting-Exploration-Treasure-Trail-to-Inform-implementatioN-strateGies (SETTING-tool) consisted of six steps: (1) Coset study priorities with local stakeholders, (2) Combine a qualitative rapid assessment with a quantitative survey (a mixed-method design), (3) Use context-sensitive materials, (4) Collect data involving community researchers, (5) Analyse pragmatically and/or in-depth to ensure timely communication of findings and (6) Continuously disseminate findings to relevant stakeholders. Use of the tool proved highly feasible, acceptable and effective in each setting. To conclude, the SETTING-tool is validated to systematically map local contexts for (lung) health interventions in diverse low-resource settings. It can support policy-makers, non-governmental organisations and health workers in the design of context-driven implementation strategies. This can reduce the risk of implementation failure and the waste of resource potential. Ultimately, this could improve health outcomes.