Evaluation of the advantages of orphenadrine in anaesthesia caused by ketamine in mice

Abstract

Mice are laboratory models used for evaluating anesthetic drugs; the combination of more than one drug to achieve general anesthesia was very common; orphenadrine considered as a special remedy because of its multiple pharmacodynamics properties in variant pathways and is use mainly as a muscle relaxant to treat muscle pain and muscle spasm. The purpose of our research was to appraise the effect of concomitant administration of orphenadrine and ketamine on the quality of general anesthesia in male albino mice. Male mice were used to assess the combination of orphenadrine and ketamine at the onset of anesthesia, duration, and recovery, as well as the presence or absence of notable reflex responses and the analgesic action of a mixture of ketamine and orphenadrine was evaluated by determining the median effective dose by using the up and down method in the tail immersion test. The combination of orphenadrine and ketamine formed a significant decrease in the onset of anesthesia compared with ketamine alone, a significant rise in the duration of anesthesia, and a significant decrease in the recovery time compared with ketamine alone; this mixture led to the disappearance of almost all reflex responses, which that presence in mice anesthetized, with ketamine alone. Our results showed a synergistic analgesic effect when orphenadrine and ketamine were administered together, depending on the calculated value of Y. We demonstrated the possibility of using orphenadrine as an alternative to xylazine when administered with ketamine to induce general anesthesia, and the analgesic action was synergistic when a combination of ketamine and orphenadrine was administered. Therefore, these results open new horizons for the use of orphenadrine in the field of anesthesia. Therefore, we recommended conducting more studies on this topic.

Keywords

• orphenadrine
• ketamine
• anesthesia
• analgesia
• mice