Groundwater Sustainability Assessment against the Population Growth Modelling in Bima City, Indonesia
Abdullah Husna,
Rizka Akmalia,
Faizal Immaddudin Wira Rohmat,
Fauzan Ikhlas Wira Rohmat,
Dede Rohmat,
Winda Wijayasari,
Pascalia Vinca Alvando,
Arif Wijaya
Affiliations
Abdullah Husna
Geological Agency of Indonesia, Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources, Jalan Diponegoro No. 57, Cihaur Geulis, Kec. Cibeunying Kaler, Bandung 40122, West Java, Indonesia
Rizka Akmalia
Deltares Indonesia, Wisma Iskandarsyah A-10 Suite 3&4, Jalan Iskandarsyah Raya Kavling 12-14, South Jakarta 12160, Jakarta, Indonesia
Faizal Immaddudin Wira Rohmat
Department of Water Resources Engineering and Management, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Bandung Institute of Technology, Jatinangor Campus, Bandung 45363, West Java, Indonesia
Fauzan Ikhlas Wira Rohmat
Water Resources Development Center, Bandung Institute of Technology, CIBE Building 5th Floor, Jalan Ganesa No. 10, Bandung 40132, West Java, Indonesia
Dede Rohmat
Department of Geography, Indonesia University of Education, Jalan Dr. Setiabudhi No. 229, Bandung 40154, West Java, Indonesia
Winda Wijayasari
Water Resources Development Center, Bandung Institute of Technology, CIBE Building 5th Floor, Jalan Ganesa No. 10, Bandung 40132, West Java, Indonesia
Pascalia Vinca Alvando
Water Resources Development Center, Bandung Institute of Technology, CIBE Building 5th Floor, Jalan Ganesa No. 10, Bandung 40132, West Java, Indonesia
Arif Wijaya
Mining Engineering Department, Muhammadiyah University of Mataram, KH. Ahmad Dahlan Street No. 1, Pagesangan, Mataram 83115, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia
Most of Indonesia’s population lives in areas with volcanic–alluvium geological characteristics. Based on the national hydrogeological map of the Indonesian Geological Agency, areas with volcanic–alluvium geological conditions have high groundwater potential and potential for groundwater damage. This study aims to test the resilience of groundwater areas with volcanic–alluvial characteristics to population growth. The MODFLOW groundwater model was built based on the site’s volcanic and alluvial geological conditions. This groundwater model was tested against pumping scenarios based on population water demand in 2011–2020 and then predicted population growth until 2030. The result shows that groundwater resilience in volcanic–alluvium locations has different characteristics based on lithology and population density characteristics. Urban areas that are mostly located in alluvium areas tend to have a linear groundwater decline pattern but have the sharpest groundwater decline gradient. In contrast, suburban areas in the alluvium-to-volcanic transition area initially experience exponential groundwater decline but change to linear, while rural areas located in volcanic areas that become the main development target have exponential groundwater decline characteristics. To counteract the continuous depletion of groundwater, researchers conducted a scenario for optimizing surface water use. Based on the results of the scenario, a 60% reduction in groundwater use is sufficient to stop continuous groundwater depletion. The results of this study can be used as a recommendation for long-term water resources management targets for volcanic and alluvium areas that are being targeted for development.
