Anthelmintic Activity, Cytotoxicity, and Phytochemical Screening of Plants Used to Treat Digestive Parasitosis of Small Ruminants in Benin (West Africa)
Esaïe Tchetan,
Pascal Abiodoun Olounladé,
Erick Virgile Bertrand Azando,
Hafiz Abdul Khaliq,
Sergio Ortiz,
Alban Houngbeme,
Géorcelin Goué Alowanou,
Bossima Ivan Koura,
Guénolé Coovi Akouedegni,
Marcel Romuald Benjamin Houinato,
Sylvie Mawule Hounzangbe-Adote,
Fernand Ahokanou Gbaguidi,
Joëlle Quetin-Leclercq
Affiliations
Esaïe Tchetan
Laboratoire d’Ethnopharmacologie et de Santé Animale, Faculté des Sciences Agronomiques, Université d’Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou 01 BP 526, Benin
Pascal Abiodoun Olounladé
Laboratoire d’Ethnopharmacologie et de Santé Animale, Faculté des Sciences Agronomiques, Université d’Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou 01 BP 526, Benin
Erick Virgile Bertrand Azando
Laboratoire d’Ethnopharmacologie et de Santé Animale, Faculté des Sciences Agronomiques, Université d’Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou 01 BP 526, Benin
Hafiz Abdul Khaliq
Pharmacognosy Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Avenue E. Mounier, B1.72.03, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium
Sergio Ortiz
Pharmacognosy Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Avenue E. Mounier, B1.72.03, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium
Alban Houngbeme
Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et Chimie Pharmaceutique, UFR Pharmacie, Faculté des Sciences de la Santé, Université d’Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou 01 BP 188, Benin
Géorcelin Goué Alowanou
Laboratoire d’Ethnopharmacologie et de Santé Animale, Faculté des Sciences Agronomiques, Université d’Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou 01 BP 526, Benin
Bossima Ivan Koura
Ecole de Gestion et d’Exploitation des Systèmes d’Elevage, Université Nationale d’Agriculture, Kétou BP 43, Benin
Guénolé Coovi Akouedegni
Laboratoire d’Ethnopharmacologie et de Santé Animale, Faculté des Sciences Agronomiques, Université d’Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou 01 BP 526, Benin
Marcel Romuald Benjamin Houinato
Ecole des Sciences et Techniques de Production Animale, Faculté des Sciences Agronomiques, Université d’Abomey-Calavi, Abomey-Calavi 01 BP 526, Benin
Sylvie Mawule Hounzangbe-Adote
Laboratoire d’Ethnopharmacologie et de Santé Animale, Faculté des Sciences Agronomiques, Université d’Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou 01 BP 526, Benin
Fernand Ahokanou Gbaguidi
Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et Chimie Pharmaceutique, UFR Pharmacie, Faculté des Sciences de la Santé, Université d’Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou 01 BP 188, Benin
Joëlle Quetin-Leclercq
Pharmacognosy Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Avenue E. Mounier, B1.72.03, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium
Medicinal plants continue to be used alone or in combination with veterinary drugs to treat animal ailments, especially in developing countries where livestock farmers often lack access to modern veterinary services and drugs. In addition, digestive parasitosis remain a major constraint for small ruminant livestock. The objective of this study was to screen the anthelmintic activity of the main plants used in the treatment of the digestive parasitosis of small ruminants in Benin. A total of 40 extracts were prepared using the successive maceration of 10 plants in four solvents of increasing polarity. The phytochemical screening of the plants was performed, and the anthelmintic activity of the extracts was evaluated on L3 larvae of Haemonchus contortus. The cytotoxicity of the 40 extracts was determined on WI38 noncancerous fibroblast cells using the MTT assay, and the total phenol content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and condensed tannin content (CTC) were quantified in the most effective extracts using colorimetric methods. The results show that the plants contained tannins, flavonoids, and triterpenoids which may, in part, justify their anthelmintic activities. All plants gave active extracts at the highest concentration tested (1200 µg/mL). Methanol (MeOH) extracts were, in general, more effective than the hexane (HEX), dichloromethane (DCM), and aqueous (H2O) ones in inhibiting larval migration, with the MeOH extracts of Terminalia leiocarpa, Adansonia digitata, and Momordica charantia being the most effective. Nevertheless, the MeOH extract of M. charantia was highly cytotoxic at the concentration of 100 µg/mL. The anthelmintic activity of M. charantia, Vitex doniana, and Caesalpinia bonduc was studied on H. contortus for the first time. These results provide scientific information that can be used for better valorization of the anthelmintic potential of the studied plants and to initiate the process of the identification of new anthelmintic molecules.
